---
title: myrrh — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «myrrh» in the school dictionary: A sweet-smelling, bitter gum (resin) from a small thorny tree in Arabia and Africa, used in perfumes, medicines and incense. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# myrrh

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** One, Christians, Jesus, third wise man, Myrrh, Egyptians · **What happens:** smell, use, give, see, prepare, sign · **To what, where:** perfumes, baby, myrrh, bodies, death, resin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«myrrh» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [myrrh in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/myrrh.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sweet-smelling, bitter gum (resin) from a small thorny tree in Arabia and Africa, used in perfumes, medicines and incense.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myrrh:m1:1
# text = A sweet-smelling, bitter gum (resin) from a small thorny tree in Arabia and Africa, used in perfumes, medicines and incense.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	gum	gum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	resin	resin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	thorny	thorny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Arabia	Arabia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	perfumes	perfume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | perfumes and medicines and incense |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One of the three gifts the wise men gave the baby Jesus, with gold and frankincense; Christians see it as a sign of his death, because myrrh was used to prepare bodies for burial.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myrrh:m2:1
# text = One of the three gifts the wise men gave the baby Jesus, with gold and frankincense; Christians see it as a sign of his death, because myrrh was used to prepare bodies for burial.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
30	myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	prepare	prepare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	xcomp	_	_
35	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obj	_	_
36	for	for	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	burial	burial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | One of the three gifts | the baby |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent baby=Recipient gold=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | present | Christians | baby |  |  |  | as a sign of Jesus's death | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus as sign=Attribute |
| 3 | **use** | past · passive |  | myrrh |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **prepare** | to-infinitive |  | bodies |  |  |  | for burial | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent body=Product for burial=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **sign** |  |  | Jesus's death |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **die** |  | Jesus |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The third wise man brought myrrh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myrrh:x1:1
# text = The third wise man brought myrrh.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
3	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the third wise man | myrrh |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent myrrh=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Myrrh is a resin from a thorny tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myrrh:x2:1
# text = Myrrh is a resin from a thorny tree.
1	Myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	resin	resin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	thorny	thorny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Myrrh | a resin |  | a thorny tree |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gold, frankincense and myrrh were gifts for a king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myrrh:x3:1
# text = Gold, frankincense and myrrh were gifts for a king.
1	Gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | Gold gifts |  |  |  | for a king | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Myrrh was used to prepare bodies for burial.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myrrh:x4:1
# text = Myrrh was used to prepare bodies for burial.
1	Myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	prepare	prepare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	burial	burial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past · passive |  | Myrrh |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **prepare** | to-infinitive |  | bodies |  |  |  | for burial | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent body=Product for burial=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Egyptians used myrrh for their mummies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myrrh:x5:1
# text = The Egyptians used myrrh for their mummies.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Egyptians	Egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mummies	mummy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the Egyptians | myrrh |  |  |  | for Egyptians's mummies | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent myrrh=Theme for mummy=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the carol, myrrh's «bitter perfume» speaks of sorrow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:myrrh:x6:1
# text = In the carol, myrrh's «bitter perfume» speaks of sorrow.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	carol	carol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	perfume	perfume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | the carol |  |  |  |  | of sorrow | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **perfume** *in a quote* |  | myrrh |  |  |  |  |  | nom perfume «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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