---
title: napoleon — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «napoleon» in the school dictionary: Napoleon Bonaparte was a French general who made himself Emperor of France and conquered much of Europe before he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# napoleon

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Napoleon, French general, layered pastry, army, Napoleonic Wars, pig · **What happens:** be, make, conquer, defeat, layer, call · **To what, where:** French general, Napoleon, much, Battle, layered pastry, mille feuille · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«napoleon» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [napoleon in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/napoleon.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French general who made himself Emperor of France and conquered much of Europe before he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:napoleon:m1:1
# text = Napoleon Bonaparte was a French general who made himself Emperor of France and conquered much of Europe before he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
1	Napoleon	Napoleon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Bonaparte	Bonaparte	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	general	general	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obj	_	_
10	Emperor	Emperor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	conquered	conquer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	defeated	defeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	advcl	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Battle	Battle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Waterloo	Waterloo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Napoleon | a French general |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | a French general | Napoleon |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset himself=Beneficiary emperor=Product |
| 3 | **conquer** | past | a French general *not said here* | much of Europe |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Patient |
| 4 | **defeat** | past · passive |  | Napoleon |  | the Battle of Waterloo |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A napoleon is a layered pastry with cream filling, also called a mille-feuille or vanilla slice.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:napoleon:m2:1
# text = A napoleon is a layered pastry with cream filling, also called a mille-feuille or vanilla slice.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	napoleon	napoleon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	layered	layer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	filling	filling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	also	also	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	mille	mille	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	feuille	feuille	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	xcomp	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	vanilla	vanilla	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	slice	slice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **layer** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a napoleon | a layered pastry |  |  |  | with cream filling | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | participle | a layered pastry *not said here* | a mille feuille or vanilla slice |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A napoleon was an old French gold coin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:napoleon:m3:1
# text = A napoleon was an old French gold coin.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	napoleon	napoleon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a napoleon | a old French gold coin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:napoleon:x1:1
# text = Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
1	Napoleon	Napoleon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	defeated	defeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Battle	Battle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Waterloo	Waterloo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defeat** | past · passive |  | Napoleon |  | the Battle of Waterloo |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of France.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:napoleon:x2:1
# text = Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of France.
1	Napoleon	Napoleon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crowned	crown	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	Emperor	Emperor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crown** | past | Napoleon | Napoleon |  |  |  | Emperor of France *obl* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Napoleon's army retreated from Russia in the freezing winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:napoleon:x3:1
# text = Napoleon's army retreated from Russia in the freezing winter.
1	Napoleon	Napoleon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retreat** | past | Napoleon's army |  |  | Russia | winter |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from russia=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Napoleonic Wars lasted many years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:napoleon:x4:1
# text = The Napoleonic Wars lasted many years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Napoleonic	Napoleonic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Wars	War	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lasted	last	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | past | the Napoleonic Wars |  |  |  | year |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In «Animal Farm», Napoleon is a pig who takes over the farm.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:napoleon:x5:1
# text = In «Animal Farm», Napoleon is a pig who takes over the farm.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Napoleon	Napoleon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Napoleon | a pig |  | Animal Farm |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present | a pig |  |  | the farm |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For pudding we had a napoleon with layers of pastry and cream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:napoleon:x6:1
# text = For pudding we had a napoleon with layers of pastry and cream.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	pudding	pudding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	napoleon	napoleon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | we | a napoleon |  |  |  | for pudding; with layers of pastry and cream | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent napoleon=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Napoleon was sent away to the island of St Helena.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:napoleon:x7:1
# text = Napoleon was sent away to the island of St Helena.
1	Napoleon	Napoleon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	St	St	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Helena	Helena	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send away** | past · passive |  | Napoleon |  |  |  | to the island of St Helena; away *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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