---
title: narrowness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «narrowness» in the school dictionary: Being narrow; having little width from side to side. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/narrowness/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [N](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/) / narrowness

# narrowness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** narrowness, bus, gap, bridge, us · **What happens:** be, have, mean, not get through, surprise, make · **To what, where:** little width, side, range, We, gap, new food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«narrowness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [narrowness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/narrowness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being narrow; having little width from side to side.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:narrowness:m1:1
# text = Being narrow; having little width from side to side.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	width	width	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | narrow *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  | little width |  | side |  | to side | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent width=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being limited or small in range, as in "narrowness of mind" (not open to other ideas).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:narrowness:m2:1
# text = Being limited or small in range, as in "narrowness of mind" (not open to other ideas).
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	limited	limited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	narrowness	narrowness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	parataxis	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  | range |  | limited *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The narrowness of the lane meant the bus could not get through.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:narrowness:x1:1
# text = The narrowness of the lane meant the bus could not get through.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	narrowness	narrowness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lane	lane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
12	through	through	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | the narrowness of the lane |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **get through** | could | the bus |  |  |  |  | through *property* | vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were surprised by the narrowness of the old staircase.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:narrowness:x2:1
# text = We were surprised by the narrowness of the old staircase.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	surprised	surprise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	narrowness	narrowness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	staircase	staircase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surprise** | past · passive | the narrowness of the old staircase | We |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The narrowness of the gap made it hard to squeeze through.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:narrowness:x3:1
# text = The narrowness of the gap made it hard to squeeze through.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	narrowness	narrowness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	squeeze	squeeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	through	through	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the narrowness of the gap | gap |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 2 | **squeeze** | to-infinitive | gap *not said here* |  |  |  |  | through *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because of the river's narrowness, a bridge was easy to build.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:narrowness:x4:1
# text = Because of the river's narrowness, a bridge was easy to build.
1	Because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	narrowness	narrowness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | a bridge |  |  |  |  | because the river's narrowness; easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **build** | to-infinitive | a bridge *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her narrowness of mind meant she never tried new food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:narrowness:x5:1
# text = Her narrowness of mind meant she never tried new food.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	narrowness	narrowness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | Her narrowness of mind |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **try** | past | narrowness | new food |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The narrowness of the win surprised everyone; it was only one point.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:narrowness:x6:1
# text = The narrowness of the win surprised everyone; it was only one point.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	narrowness	narrowness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	win	win	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	surprised	surprise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surprise** | past | the narrowness of the win | everyone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | past | narrowness | one point |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cave's narrowness made us crawl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:narrowness:x7:1
# text = The cave's narrowness made us crawl.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	narrowness	narrowness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	crawl	crawl	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the cave's narrowness | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **crawl** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [narrowly](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/narrowly/)
- next →: [narwhal](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/narwhal/)
- ↑ back to [N in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/)