---
title: nasalise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nasalise» in the school dictionary: To make a speech sound through the nose, letting air come out of the nose as well as the mouth. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nasalise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** air, French speakers, you, accents, we, teacher · **What happens:** make, let, come out, nasalise, try, say · **To what, where:** speech sound, nose, air, vowel, bon, man · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«nasalise» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nasalise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/nasalise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make a speech sound through the nose, letting air come out of the nose as well as the mouth.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasalise:m1:1
# text = To make a speech sound through the nose, letting air come out of the nose as well as the mouth.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	out	out	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	21	cc	_	_
18	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	17	fixed	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a speech sound |  | the nose |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |
| 2 | **let** | gerund |  | air |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come out** | infinitive | air *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the nose; out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
French speakers nasalise the vowel in "bon".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasalise:x1:1
# text = French speakers nasalise the vowel in "bon".
1	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	nasalise	nasalise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	bon	bon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nasalise** | present | French speakers | the vowel |  | bon |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Try to say "man" and notice how you nasalise the "a".

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasalise:x2:1
# text = Try to say "man" and notice how you nasalise the "a".
1	Try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	notice	notice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	nasalise	nasalise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	reparandum	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | man |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent man=Topic |
| 3 | **notice** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **nasalise** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some accents nasalise vowels before "m" and "n".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasalise:x3:1
# text = Some accents nasalise vowels before "m" and "n".
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	accents	accent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	nasalise	nasalise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	vowels	vowel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	m	M	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n	n	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nasalise** | present | some accents | vowels |  |  | before m and n |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In French class we practised nasalised vowels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasalise:x4:1
# text = In French class we practised nasalised vowels.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	practised	practise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	nasalised	nasalise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	vowels	vowel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | past | we | nasalised vowels |  | French class |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **nasalise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When you hold your nose you cannot nasalise a sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasalise:x5:1
# text = When you hold your nose you cannot nasalise a sound.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	nasalise	nasalise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | you | your nose |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **nasalise** | can | you | a sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher showed how "ng" is nasalised at the back of the mouth.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasalise:x6:1
# text = Our teacher showed how "ng" is nasalised at the back of the mouth.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ng	ng	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	nasalised	nasalise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Our teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **nasalise** | present · passive |  | ng |  | the back of the mouth |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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