---
title: nastiness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nastiness» in the school dictionary: Unkind, mean or spiteful behaviour. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nastiness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** need, nastiness, We, us, he, Kindness · **What happens:** be, say, upset, talk, stand up, make · **To what, where:** her, class, us, noses, nastiness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«nastiness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nastiness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/nastiness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unkind, mean or spiteful behaviour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nastiness:m1:1
# text = Unkind, mean or spiteful behaviour.
1	Unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	spiteful	spiteful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being very unpleasant, as in the nastiness of a smell or an illness.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nastiness:m2:1
# text = Being very unpleasant, as in the nastiness of a smell or an illness.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	cop	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	nastiness	nastiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | unpleasant *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was no need for that nastiness; say sorry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nastiness:x1:1
# text = There was no need for that nastiness; say sorry.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	nastiness	nastiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no need for that nastiness |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: apologize* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nastiness of the comments online upset her.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nastiness:x2:1
# text = The nastiness of the comments online upset her.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nastiness	nastiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	comments	comment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	online	online	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	upset	upset	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **upset** | past | the nastiness of the comments | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We talked in class about how to stand up to nastiness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nastiness:x3:1
# text = We talked in class about how to stand up to nastiness.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	talked	talk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	nastiness	nastiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | past | We |  |  | class |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stand up** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to nastiness | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nastiness of the smell made us hold our noses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nastiness:x4:1
# text = The nastiness of the smell made us hold our noses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nastiness	nastiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	noses	nose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the nastiness of the smell | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | infinitive | us *not said here* | our noses |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Despite the nastiness of the bug, he was better in a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nastiness:x5:1
# text = Despite the nastiness of the bug, he was better in a week.
1	Despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	nastiness	nastiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bug	bug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  | week | despite the nastiness of the bug; good *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villain's nastiness grew worse with every chapter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nastiness:x6:1
# text = The villain's nastiness grew worse with every chapter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	nastiness	nastiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the villain's nastiness |  |  |  |  | with every chapter; bad *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kindness can beat nastiness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nastiness:x7:1
# text = Kindness can beat nastiness.
1	Kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	nastiness	nastiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | can | Kindness | nastiness |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location nastiness=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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