---
title: nasty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nasty» in the school dictionary: Very unpleasant to see, smell, taste or feel: «a nasty smell». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/nasty/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [N](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/) / nasty

# nasty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** milk, It, She, you, weather, I · **What happens:** see, smell, taste, feel, go off, be · **To what, where:** nasty smell, nasty fall, nasty cut, plaster, nasty cold

<!-- .vabout -->
«nasty» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nasty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/nasty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very unpleasant to see, smell, taste or feel: «a nasty smell».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasty:m1:1
# text = Very unpleasant to see, smell, taste or feel: «a nasty smell».
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	smell	smell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	taste	taste	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **smell** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **taste** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **feel** | infinitive |  | a nasty smell |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smell=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unkind and mean: «a nasty comment».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasty:m2:1
# text = Unkind and mean: «a nasty comment».
1	Unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	comment	comment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bad, serious or dangerous: «a nasty cut», «a nasty fall».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasty:m3:1
# text = Bad, serious or dangerous: «a nasty cut», «a nasty fall».
1	Bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The milk had gone off and smelled nasty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasty:x1:1
# text = The milk had gone off and smelled nasty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go off** | past · perfect | the milk |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **smell** | past | the milk *not said here* |  |  |  |  | nasty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was nasty of him to laugh at her.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasty:x2:1
# text = It was nasty of him to laugh at her.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | of him *= he*; nasty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | at her *= she* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had a nasty fall off her bike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasty:x3:1
# text = She had a nasty fall off her bike.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | She | a nasty fall |  |  |  | off her bike | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fall=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clean that nasty cut and put a plaster on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasty:x4:1
# text = Clean that nasty cut and put a plaster on it.
1	Clean	clean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	plaster	plaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | imperative | you *not said here* | that nasty cut |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cut=Patient |
| 2 | **put** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a plaster |  | plaster |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent plaster=Theme on it=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The weather turned nasty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasty:x5:1
# text = The weather turned nasty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the weather |  |  |  |  | nasty *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be nasty to your little brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasty:x6:1
# text = Don't be nasty to your little brother.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to your little brother; nasty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I've got a nasty cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nasty:x7:1
# text = I've got a nasty cold.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · perfect | I | a nasty cold |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cold=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [nastiness](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/nastiness/)
- next →: [natal](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/natal/)
- ↑ back to [N in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/)