---
title: natterjack — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «natterjack» in the school dictionary: A small toad of Europe, including Britain and Ireland, with a yellow stripe down its back, that runs rather than hops and has a very loud croak. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# natterjack

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** that, natterjack toad, Natterjacks, We, homes, natterjack · **What happens:** run, have, hop, hear, croak, protect · **To what, where:** loud croak, yellow line, sand, natterjacks, Natterjack toads, Ireland · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«natterjack» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [natterjack in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/natterjack.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small toad of Europe, including Britain and Ireland, with a yellow stripe down its back, that runs rather than hops and has a very loud croak.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natterjack:m1:1
# text = A small toad of Europe, including Britain and Ireland, with a yellow stripe down its back, that runs rather than hops and has a very loud croak.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	including	including	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	stripe	stripe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
16	down	down	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
22	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	24	cc	_	_
23	than	than	ADP	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	hops	hop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
28	very	very	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	croak	croak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | that *not said here* | a loud croak |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent croak=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The natterjack toad has a yellow line down its back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natterjack:x1:1
# text = The natterjack toad has a yellow line down its back.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	natterjack	natterjack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the natterjack toad | a yellow line |  |  |  | down toad's back | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Natterjacks run along the sand instead of hopping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natterjack:x2:1
# text = Natterjacks run along the sand instead of hopping.
1	Natterjacks	natterjack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	run	run	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	along	along	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	8	mark	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	hopping	hop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | Natterjacks |  |  | the sand |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along sand=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hop** | gerund | Natterjacks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard natterjacks croaking at the nature reserve.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natterjack:x3:1
# text = We heard natterjacks croaking at the nature reserve.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	natterjacks	natterjack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	croaking	croak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	reserve	reserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | natterjacks |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer natterjack=Stimulus |
| 2 | **croak** | gerund | natterjacks *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the nature reserve | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at reserve=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Natterjack toads are protected because their homes are disappearing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natterjack:x4:1
# text = Natterjack toads are protected because their homes are disappearing.
1	Natterjack	natterjack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	toads	toad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	disappearing	disappear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present · passive |  | Natterjack toads |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **disappear** | present · progressive | toads's homes |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Ireland, natterjacks live in a few places in County Kerry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natterjack:x5:1
# text = In Ireland, natterjacks live in a few places in County Kerry.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	natterjacks	natterjack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	County	County	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	Kerry	Kerry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | natterjacks |  |  | Ireland |  | in a few places in County | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ireland=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A natterjack's call can be heard over a kilometre away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natterjack:x6:1
# text = A natterjack's call can be heard over a kilometre away.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	natterjack	natterjack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	kilometre	kilometre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | can · passive |  | a natterjack's call |  |  |  | away *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **call** |  | a natterjack |  |  |  |  |  | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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