---
title: natural — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «natural» in the school dictionary: Natural means made by nature, not by people or machines, like natural rock or natural light. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# natural

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Natural, Natural history, Wood, earthquake, room, Natural numbers · **What happens:** mean, make, expect, be, feel, pretend · **To what, where:** someone, something, study, natural material, natural disaster, lots · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«natural» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [natural in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/natural.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Natural means made by nature, not by people or machines, like natural rock or natural light.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:m1:1
# text = Natural means made by nature, not by people or machines, like natural rock or natural light.
1	Natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Natural |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by nature | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Natural also means normal or expected: «It's natural to feel nervous».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:m2:1
# text = Natural also means normal or expected: «It's natural to feel nervous».
1	Natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	csubj	_	_
14	nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Natural |  |  |  |  | normal *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **expect** | participle | Natural *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | natural *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **feel** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | nervous *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Natural can mean not fake or pretended.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:m3:1
# text = Natural can mean not fake or pretended.
1	Natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	pretended	pretend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Natural |  |  |  |  | fake *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pretend** | participle | Natural *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A natural is someone who is very good at something without trying hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:m4:1
# text = A natural is someone who is very good at something without trying hard.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	_
11	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
13	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a natural | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | something |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **try** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Natural history is the study of plants, animals and other living things in nature.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:m5:1
# text = Natural history is the study of plants, animals and other living things in nature.
1	Natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Natural history | the study |  |  |  | of plants and animals and other living things in nature | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wood is a natural material; plastic is not.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:x1:1
# text = Wood is a natural material; plastic is not.
1	Wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Wood | a natural material and plastic |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **be** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's natural to feel nervous before a test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:x2:1
# text = It's natural to feel nervous before a test.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | natural *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | nervous *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An earthquake is a natural disaster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:x3:1
# text = An earthquake is a natural disaster.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	disaster	disaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a earthquake | a natural disaster |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The room has lots of natural light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:x4:1
# text = The room has lots of natural light.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the room | lots of natural light |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Natural numbers are the numbers we count with.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:x5:1
# text = Natural numbers are the numbers we count with.
1	Natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	count	count	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Natural numbers | the numbers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **count with** | present | we | the numbers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She's a natural at swimming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:x6:1
# text = She's a natural at swimming.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  | swimming |  | natural *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Just smile and be natural for the photo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:x7:1
# text = Just smile and be natural for the photo.
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	smile	smile	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smile** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the photo; natural *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rivers and mountains are natural features.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:natural:x8:1
# text = Rivers and mountains are natural features.
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	features	feature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rivers and mountains | natural features |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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