---
title: naughtiness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «naughtiness» in the school dictionary: Naughtiness is bad behaviour, especially by children, such as not doing what you are told or being cheeky. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# naughtiness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Naughtiness, bad behaviour, us, more naughtiness, Teachers, him · **What happens:** be, not do, tell, make, laugh, deal · **To what, where:** bad behaviour, you, us, class, him, room · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«naughtiness» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [naughtiness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/naughtiness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Naughtiness is bad behaviour, especially by children, such as not doing what you are told or being cheeky.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:naughtiness:m1:1
# text = Naughtiness is bad behaviour, especially by children, such as not doing what you are told or being cheeky.
1	Naughtiness	naughtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	13	mark	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
14	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	17	obj	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	ccomp	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	cop	_	_
20	cheeky	cheeky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Naughtiness | bad behaviour and children |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **do** | gerund | bad behaviour and children *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient what=Topic |
| 4 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | cheeky *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy's naughtiness made us laugh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:naughtiness:x1:1
# text = The puppy's naughtiness made us laugh.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	naughtiness	naughtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the puppy's naughtiness | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There will be no more naughtiness at bedtime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:naughtiness:x2:1
# text = There will be no more naughtiness at bedtime.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	naughtiness	naughtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | future | more naughtiness at bedtime |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Teachers deal with naughtiness in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:naughtiness:x3:1
# text = Teachers deal with naughtiness in class.
1	Teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	deal	deal	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	naughtiness	naughtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deal** | present | Teachers |  |  | class |  | with naughtiness | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with naughtiness=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His naughtiness got him sent to his room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:naughtiness:x4:1
# text = His naughtiness got him sent to his room.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	naughtiness	naughtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | His naughtiness | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | participle | him *= he* *not said here* |  |  | naughtiness's room |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to room=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The twins were famous for their naughtiness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:naughtiness:x5:1
# text = The twins were famous for their naughtiness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	twins	twin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	naughtiness	naughtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the twins |  |  |  |  | for twins's naughtiness; famous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A little naughtiness is normal for toddlers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:naughtiness:x6:1
# text = A little naughtiness is normal for toddlers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	naughtiness	naughtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	toddlers	toddler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a little naughtiness |  |  |  |  | for toddlers; normal *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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