---
title: navajo — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «navajo» in the school dictionary: A Native American people of the south-western USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah), who call themselves the Diné. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# navajo

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Native American people, Navajo Nation, Code Talkers, Many Navajo people, We, Navajo · **What happens:** call, speak, do, weave, spread, help · **To what, where:** Arizona, Navajo, USA, Second World War, Navajo language, museum · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«navajo» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [navajo in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/navajo.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Native American people of the south-western USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah), who call themselves the Diné.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navajo:m1:1
# text = A Native American people of the south-western USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah), who call themselves the Diné.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Arizona	Arizona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Utah	Utah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
22	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	21	obj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Diné	Diné	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | a Native American people of the western USA | Arizona |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent themselves=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their language, Navajo, which is still spoken today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navajo:m2:1
# text = Their language, Navajo, which is still spoken today.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | Navajo |  |  | still; today |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with the Navajo people, as in Navajo weaving.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navajo:m3:1
# text = To do with the Navajo people, as in Navajo weaving.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
11	weaving	weave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the Navajo people | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **weave** | gerund |  |  |  | Navajo |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in navajo=Trajectory |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Navajo Nation spreads across Arizona, New Mexico and Utah.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navajo:x1:1
# text = The Navajo Nation spreads across Arizona, New Mexico and Utah.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Nation	Nation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Arizona	Arizona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Utah	Utah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | the Navajo Nation |  |  | Arizona and New Mexico and Utah |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across arizona=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Navajo Code Talkers helped the USA in the Second World War.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navajo:x2:1
# text = Navajo Code Talkers helped the USA in the Second World War.
1	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Code	Code	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Talkers	talker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	Second	Second	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
10	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Code Talkers |  | the USA | the Second World War |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent usa=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Navajo people still speak the Navajo language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navajo:x3:1
# text = Many Navajo people still speak the Navajo language.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Many Navajo people | the Navajo language |  |  | still |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We looked at Navajo weaving in the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navajo:x4:1
# text = We looked at Navajo weaving in the museum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	weaving	weave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | We |  |  |  |  | at Navajo | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at navajo=Theme |
| 2 | **weave** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  | the museum |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in museum=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Navajo call themselves the Diné, meaning "the people".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navajo:x5:1
# text = The Navajo call themselves the Diné, meaning "the people".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Diné	Diné	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | the Navajo | themselves *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent themselves=Recipient |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | the Navajo *not said here* | the people |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monument Valley lies on Navajo land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navajo:x6:1
# text = Monument Valley lies on Navajo land.
1	Monument	monument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Valley	Valley	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present | Monument Valley |  |  | Navajo land |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on land=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Long Walk of 1864 forced thousands of Navajo from their homeland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navajo:x7:1
# text = The Long Walk of 1864 forced thousands of Navajo from their homeland.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Long	Long	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Walk	Walk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	1864	1864	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
6	forced	force	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	homeland	homeland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **force** | past | the Long Walk of 1864 | thousands of Navajo |  | thousands's homeland |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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