---
title: navel — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «navel» in the school dictionary: The small hollow or bump in the middle of your tummy, left where the umbilical cord was joined before you were born; your belly button. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# navel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small hollow, navel, Most people, navel orange, people, Mammals · **What happens:** leave, join, bear, be, call, have · **To what, where:** umbilical cord, you, navel, small bump, one end, innie navel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«navel» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [navel in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/navel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The small hollow or bump in the middle of your tummy, left where the umbilical cord was joined before you were born; your belly button.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navel:m1:1
# text = The small hollow or bump in the middle of your tummy, left where the umbilical cord was joined before you were born; your belly button.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hollow	hollow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	bump	bump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
13	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	19	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	umbilical	umbilical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	cord	cord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	_
20	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the small hollow or bump in the middle of your tummy |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **join** | past · passive |  | the umbilical cord |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **bear** | past · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The centre of something, as in "the navel of the world".

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navel:m2:1
# text = The centre of something, as in "the navel of the world".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	navel	navel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your navel is where the umbilical cord was.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navel:x1:1
# text = Your navel is where the umbilical cord was.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	navel	navel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	umbilical	umbilical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cord	cord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Your navel |  |  |  |  | where *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most people call the navel a belly button.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navel:x2:1
# text = Most people call the navel a belly button.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	navel	navel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Most people | the navel |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent navel=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A navel orange has a small bump at one end.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navel:x3:1
# text = A navel orange has a small bump at one end.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	navel	navel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	orange	orange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bump	bump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a navel orange | a small bump |  |  | at one end |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bump=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people have an "innie" navel and some an "outie".

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navel:x4:1
# text = Some people have an "innie" navel and some an "outie".
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	innie	innie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	navel	navel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	outie	outie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some people | a innie navel and some outie |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent navel=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mammals have navels, but birds hatched from eggs do not.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navel:x5:1
# text = Mammals have navels, but birds hatched from eggs do not.
1	Mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	navels	navel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
6	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
7	hatched	hatch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Mammals | navels |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent navel=Patient |
| 2 | **hatch** | participle |  | birds *not said here* |  |  |  | from eggs | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from egg=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **do** | present | birds |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop navel-gazing and help us!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navel:x6:1
# text = Stop navel-gazing and help us!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	navel	navel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	gazing	gazing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* | navel gazing |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality gazing=Eventuality |
| 2 | **help** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | us |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The yoga teacher told us to breathe into the navel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:navel:x7:1
# text = The yoga teacher told us to breathe into the navel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	yoga	yoga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	navel	navel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the yoga teacher |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **breathe** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the yoga teacher *not said here* |  |  | the navel |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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