---
title: nd — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nd» in the school dictionary: -nd: the letters written after a number that ends in 2 (except 12) to make an ordinal number: 2nd = second, 22nd = twenty-second, 102nd. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nd

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** number, She, classroom, you, He, Bismarck · **What happens:** write, end, make, list, come, be · **To what, where:** letters, 2, ordinal number, books, 2nd floor, ordinals

<!-- .vabout -->
«nd» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nd in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/nd.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
-nd: the letters written after a number that ends in 2 (except 12) to make an ordinal number: 2nd = second, 22nd = twenty-second, 102nd.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nd:m1:1
# text = -nd: the letters written after a number that ends in 2 (except 12) to make an ordinal number: 2nd = second, 22nd = twenty-second, 102nd.
1	-	-	PUNCT	NFP	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	nd	nd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	except	except	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	ordinal	ordinal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
24	2nd	2nd	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	2	appos	_	_
25	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	26	punct	_	_
26	second	second	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	22nd	22nd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	24	conj	_	_
29	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	32	punct	_	_
30	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	102nd	102nd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | the letters *not said here* |  |  | after a number |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **end** | present | a number |  |  | 2 |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | a number *not said here* | a ordinal number |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset number=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
ND: short for North Dakota, a state in the USA.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nd:m2:1
# text = ND: short for North Dakota, a state in the USA.
1	ND	nd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
n.d.: «no date» in a list of books or sources.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nd:m3:1
# text = n.d.: «no date» in a list of books or sources.
1	n.d	n.d	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.:	.:	SYM	NFP	_	5	discourse	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	sources	source	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **list** |  |  | books or sources |  |  |  |  | nom list «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She came 2nd in the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nd:x1:1
# text = She came 2nd in the race.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2nd	2nd	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | She |  |  |  |  | 2nd *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our classroom is on the 2nd floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nd:x2:1
# text = Our classroom is on the 2nd floor.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	2nd	2nd	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our classroom |  |  | the 2nd floor |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write the ordinals: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nd:x3:1
# text = Write the ordinals: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	ordinals	ordinal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	1st	1st	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	2nd	2nd	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	3rd	3rd	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	4th	4th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | the ordinals |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ordinal=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was the 22nd person in the queue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nd:x4:1
# text = He was the 22nd person in the queue.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	22nd	22nd	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	queue	queue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | the 22nd person |  | the queue |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bismarck is the capital of ND, North Dakota.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nd:x5:1
# text = Bismarck is the capital of ND, North Dakota.
1	Bismarck	Bismarck	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ND	ND	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bismarck | the capital |  |  |  | of ND and North Dakota | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The 2nd step in the problem is to add the two totals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nd:x6:1
# text = The 2nd step in the problem is to add the two totals.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	2nd	2nd	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	totals	total	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the 2nd step in the problem |  |  |  |  | add *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Source.--Henderson's Folk-Lore of Northern Counties, 2nd edition, published by the Folk-Lore Society, pp. 266-7.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Source.--Henderson's Folk-Lore of Northern Counties, 2nd edition, published by the Folk-Lore Society, pp.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nd:x7:1
# text = Source.--Henderson's Folk-Lore of Northern Counties, 2nd edition, published by the Folk-Lore Society, pp.
1	Source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Henderson	Henderson	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	Folk	Folk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Lore	Lore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Counties	county	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	2nd	2nd	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	14	amod	_	_
14	edition	edition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
19	Folk	Folk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Lore	Lore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Society	Society	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	pp	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | participle |  | 2nd edition *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* 266-7.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nd:x7:2
# text = 266-7.
1	266-7	266-7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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