---
title: neanderthal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «neanderthal» in the school dictionary: A Neanderthal was a kind of early human who lived in Europe and western Asia from about 400,000 to about 40,000 years ago and then died out. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# neanderthal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Neanderthal, kind, Calling, they, Neanderthals, Scientists · **What happens:** be, live, die out, call, mean, make · **To what, where:** kind, Europe, someone, ideas, sharp stone tools, Neanderthal bones · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«neanderthal» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [neanderthal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/neanderthal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Neanderthal was a kind of early human who lived in Europe and western Asia from about 400,000 to about 40,000 years ago and then died out.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neanderthal:m1:1
# text = A Neanderthal was a kind of early human who lived in Europe and western Asia from about 400,000 to about 40,000 years ago and then died out.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Neanderthal	Neanderthal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	about	about	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	400,000	400,000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	about	about	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	40,000	40000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
23	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	advmod	_	_
26	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
27	out	out	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a Neanderthal | a kind |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | past | a kind |  |  | Europe and western Asia | year | from 400,000 | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in europe=Location |
| 3 | **die out** | past | a kind *not said here* |  |  |  | then |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, rude — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calling someone a neanderthal means they are rough, rude or old-fashioned in their ideas.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neanderthal:m2:1
# text = Calling someone a neanderthal means they are rough, rude or old-fashioned in their ideas.
1	Calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	neanderthal	neanderthal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme neanderthal=Result |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Calling |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | they |  |  |  |  | rough *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | they *not said here* |  |  | their ideas |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neanderthals lived during the Ice Age.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neanderthal:x1:1
# text = Neanderthals lived during the Ice Age.
1	Neanderthals	neanderthal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	during	during	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Ice	Ice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Age	Age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Neanderthals |  |  |  | during the Ice Age |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neanderthals made sharp stone tools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neanderthal:x2:1
# text = Neanderthals made sharp stone tools.
1	Neanderthals	neanderthal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle | Neanderthals *not said here* | sharp stone tools |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tool=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists found Neanderthal bones in a cave in Germany.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neanderthal:x3:1
# text = Scientists found Neanderthal bones in a cave in Germany.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Neanderthal	Neanderthal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Scientists | Neanderthal bones |  | a cave in Germany |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some of our DNA comes from Neanderthals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neanderthal:x4:1
# text = Some of our DNA comes from Neanderthals.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	DNA	DNA	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Neanderthals	Neanderthals	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Some |  |  | Neanderthals |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from neanderthals=Initial\_Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neanderthals had big, strong bodies for the cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neanderthal:x5:1
# text = Neanderthals had big, strong bodies for the cold.
1	Neanderthals	neanderthal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Neanderthals | big strong bodies |  |  |  | for the cold | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Don't be such a neanderthal!» she said when he burped at the table.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neanderthal:x6:1
# text = «Don't be such a neanderthal!» she said when he burped at the table.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	7	det:predet	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	neanderthal	neanderthal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	burped	burp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | such neanderthal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: express* | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **burp** | past | he |  |  | the table |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neanderthals and modern humans lived at the same time for thousands of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neanderthal:x7:1
# text = Neanderthals and modern humans lived at the same time for thousands of years.
1	Neanderthals	neanderthal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
5	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Neanderthals and modern humans |  |  |  | time | for thousands of years | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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<!-- /div -->

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