---
title: near — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «near» in the school dictionary: Near means close, not far away. The shop is near my house. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# near

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shop, Summer, Nearest, park, 5 trees, you · **What happens:** mean, be, live, stay, near, see · **To what, where:** house, it, something, closest one, school, pond · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«near» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [near in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/near.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Near means close, not far away. The shop is near my house.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Near means close, not far away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:m1:1
# text = Near means close, not far away.
1	Near	near	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | close, far *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The shop is near my house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:m1:2
# text = The shop is near my house.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the shop |  |  | my house |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Near can mean close in time: «Summer is near.».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:m2:1
# text = Near can mean close in time: «Summer is near.».
1	Near	near	ADP	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Summer |  |  |  |  | near *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To near something is to come closer to it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:m3:1
# text = To near something is to come closer to it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	near	near	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	closer	close	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  | it | something |  | close, come *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Nearest» means the closest one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:m4:1
# text = «Nearest» means the closest one.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Nearest | the closest one |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Topic |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Near» can mean almost: «a near miss».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:m5:1
# text = «Near» can mean almost: «a near miss».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Near	near	ADP	IN	_	5	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	miss	miss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  | almost *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The park is near the school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:x1:1
# text = The park is near the school.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the park |  |  | the school |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Round 47 to the nearest ten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:x2:1
# text = Round 47 to the nearest ten.
1	Round	round	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	47	47	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who lives nearer to the lake?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:x3:1
# text = Who lives nearer to the lake?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to the lake; near *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 5 trees near the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:x4:1
# text = There are 5 trees near the pond.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 5 trees |  |  | the pond; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near pond=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stay near me in the crowd.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:x5:1
# text = Stay near me in the crowd.
1	Stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	near	near	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the crowd |  | near me | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near i=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The holidays are near.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:x6:1
# text = The holidays are near.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	near	near	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the holidays |  |  |  |  | near *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Round 3.6 to the nearest whole number.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:x7:1
# text = Round 3.6 to the nearest whole number.
1	Round	round	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	3.6	3.6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
6	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As the ship neared the shore, we saw the lighthouse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:near:x8:1
# text = As the ship neared the shore, we saw the lighthouse.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	neared	near	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lighthouse	lighthouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **near** | past | the ship | the shore |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | we | the lighthouse |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lighthouse=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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