---
title: nearness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nearness» in the school dictionary: Being close in distance. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nearness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** nearness, I, We, She, her, planets · **What happens:** be, mean, walk, love, make, feel · **To what, where:** relationship, nearness, everyone, dog, letters, planets · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«nearness» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nearness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/nearness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being close in distance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nearness:m1:1
# text = Being close in distance.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | in distance; close *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being close in time, as in "the nearness of the holidays".

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nearness:m2:1
# text = Being close in time, as in "the nearness of the holidays".
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	nearness	nearness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time | close *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being close in a relationship or feeling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nearness:m3:1
# text = Being close in a relationship or feeling.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  | a relationship or feeling |  | close *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nearness of the school means I can walk there.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nearness:x1:1
# text = The nearness of the school means I can walk there.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nearness	nearness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
10	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the nearness of the school |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **walk** | can | I |  |  | there |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We loved the nearness of the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nearness:x2:1
# text = We loved the nearness of the beach.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	nearness	nearness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | past | We | the nearness of the beach |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nearness=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nearness of Christmas made everyone excited.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nearness:x3:1
# text = The nearness of Christmas made everyone excited.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nearness	nearness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	obj	_	_
7	excited	excited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the nearness of Christmas | everyone |  |  |  | excited *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset everyone=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nearness of the storm made the dog nervous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nearness:x4:1
# text = The nearness of the storm made the dog nervous.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nearness	nearness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the nearness of the storm | the dog |  |  |  | nervous *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dog=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She felt a nearness to her grandmother when she read her letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nearness:x5:1
# text = She felt a nearness to her grandmother when she read her letters.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	nearness	nearness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | She | a nearness |  |  |  | to her grandmother | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nearness=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | past | she | her letters |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Topic |
| 3 | **letter** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nearness of the two planets made them look like one bright star.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nearness:x6:1
# text = The nearness of the two planets made them look like one bright star.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nearness	nearness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	planets	planet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
12	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the nearness of the two planets | planets *= planet* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | planets *= planet* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like one bright star | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The house's nearness to the motorway made it noisy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nearness:x7:1
# text = The house's nearness to the motorway made it noisy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	nearness	nearness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	motorway	motorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the house's nearness to the motorway | motorway |  |  |  | noisy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yet there was no sign to tell her of their nearness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nearness:x8:1
# text = Yet there was no sign to tell her of their nearness.
1	Yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	nearness	nearness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no sign |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | no sign *not said here* |  | sign |  |  | of their nearness | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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