---
title: need — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «need» in the school dictionary: To need something is to have to have it, because you cannot do well without it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# need

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, need, person, I, we, nobody · **What happens:** need, be, have, not do, do, not need · **To what, where:** something, it, Need, game, hand, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«need» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [need in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/need.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To need something is to have to have it, because you cannot do well without it.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:m1:1
# text = To need something is to have to have it, because you cannot do well without it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
16	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	_
17	without	without	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | have *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **do** | can | you |  |  |  |  | without it; well *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To need to do something is to have to do it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:m2:1
# text = To need to do something is to have to do it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	have	have	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive · do-support |  |  |  |  |  | have *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A need is something a person or animal must have, like food, water and a home.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:m3:1
# text = A need is something a person or animal must have, like food, water and a home.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a need | something |  |  |  | like food and water and a home | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | must | a person or animal |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Needn't» means do not have to: «You needn't come».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:m4:1
# text = «Needn't» means do not have to: «You needn't come».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	need	need	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **need** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **have** | infinitive · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **come** *in a quote* | present | You |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Need» is often said for «want»: «I need that game!»; «need a hand?» means can I help.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:m5:1
# text = «Need» is often said for «want»: «I need that game!»; «need a hand?» means can I help.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
15	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
26	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
27	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: express* | present · passive |  | Need |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **want** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **need** *in a quote* | present | I | that game |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot game=Theme |
| 4 | **need** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | a hand |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot hand=Theme |
| 5 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **help** | can | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Do we need to hear this?», «nobody needs your opinion» are put-downs.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:m6:1
# text = «Do we need to hear this?», «nobody needs your opinion» are put-downs.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	13	nsubj	_	_
13	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	downs	down	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** *in a quote* | present · do-support | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | this |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
| 3 | **need** *in a quote* | present | nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition |
| 4 | **put** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present | your opinion | put downs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **opine** *in a quote* |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom opinion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: euphemism — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Special needs» or «additional needs» is a polite term for a child who needs extra help; «in need» means poor.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:m7:1
# text = «Special needs» or «additional needs» is a polite term for a child who needs extra help; «in need» means poor.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	needs	need	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	needs	need	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
26	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	parataxis	_	_
27	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Special needs or additional needs | a polite term |  |  |  | for a child | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | a child | extra help |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | present | need | poor |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poor=Topic |

## Meaning 8 {#m8}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exams say «require», «requisite», «necessitate», «the quantity required», «the shortfall» (how much is still needed) and «is obliged to».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:m8:1
# text = Exams say «require», «requisite», «necessitate», «the quantity required», «the shortfall» (how much is still needed) and «is obliged to».
1	Exams	exam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	require	require	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	requisite	requisite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	necessitate	necessitate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	shortfall	shortfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	27	advmod	_	_
27	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	appos	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
29	still	still	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	30	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	obliged	oblige	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	conj	_	_
36	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Exams |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **require** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | requisite |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent requisite=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **necessitate** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **require** *in a quote* | participle |  | the quantity and the shortfall *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **need** | present · passive |  | the quantity and the shortfall |  |  | still |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |
| 6 | **oblige** *in a quote* | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She needs 9 cups of flour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x1:1
# text = She needs 9 cups of flour.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | She | 9 cups of flour |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot cup=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He needs 20 dollars but has 12. How many more does she need?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He needs 20 dollars but has 12.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x2:1
# text = He needs 20 dollars but has 12.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | He | 20 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot dollar=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | He *not said here* | 12 |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 12=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How many more does she need?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x2:2
# text = How many more does she need?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obj	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present · do-support | she | many |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot many=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each cake needs 3 eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x3:1
# text = Each cake needs 3 eggs.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | each cake | 3 eggs |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot egg=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants need water and sunlight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x4:1
# text = Plants need water and sunlight.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Plants | water and sunlight |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot water=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You need to finish your homework first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x5:1
# text = You need to finish your homework first.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	finish	finish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | You |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **finish** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | You *not said here* | your homework |  |  |  | first *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality homework=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We collected food for families in need.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x6:1
# text = We collected food for families in need.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	collected	collect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | past | We | food |  | need |  | for families | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is no need to shout.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x7:1
# text = There is no need to shout.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	shout	shout	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no need |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | no need *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
we're 4, need 3 each, how many sausages then

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x8:1
# text = we're 4, need 3 each, how many sausages then
1	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obj	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	sausages	sausage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
12	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | we | 4 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | 4 | 3 |  |  | then | many sausages *obl* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot 3=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Need a hand with them boxes?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x9:1
# text = Need a hand with them boxes?
1	Need	need	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
6	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | imperative | you *not said here* | a hand |  |  |  | with them *= they* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I don't need your help, I can count to 20 myself!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x10:1
# text = I don't need your help, I can count to 20 myself!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	_
13	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **need** | present · do-support | I | your help |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme |
| 2 | **count** | can | I | myself |  |  |  | to 20 | vn matter-91 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to 20=Experiencer |
| 3 | **help** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A recipe requires 3 eggs per cake. Determine the shortfall, given 7 eggs on hand and 4 cakes to be baked.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A recipe requires 3 eggs per cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x11:1
# text = A recipe requires 3 eggs per cake.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	recipe	recipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	per	per	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | a recipe | 3 eggs |  |  |  | per cake | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme egg=Precondition |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Determine the shortfall, given 7 eggs on hand and 4 cakes to be baked.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x11:2
# text = Determine the shortfall, given 7 eggs on hand and 4 cakes to be baked.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shortfall	shortfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
6	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	baked	bake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the shortfall |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shortfall=Topic |
| 2 | **give** | participle | the shortfall *not said here* | 7 eggs and 4 cakes |  | hand |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent egg=Theme on hand=Asset |
| 3 | **bake** | to-infinitive · passive | the shortfall *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V» |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You needn't bring anything, we've got heaps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:need:x12:1
# text = You needn't bring anything, we've got heaps.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
10	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **bring** | present | You | anything |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent anything=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | present · perfect | we | heaps |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer heap=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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