---
title: negate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «negate» in the school dictionary: To negate something is to cancel it out or make it have no effect. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# negate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** statement, Eating, One rude word, you, new evidence, maths · **What happens:** negate, be, make, have, say, not be · **To what, where:** something, it, effect, statement, sentence, junk food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«negate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [negate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/negate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To negate something is to cancel it out or make it have no effect.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negate:m1:1
# text = To negate something is to cancel it out or make it have no effect.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	negate	negate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cancel	cancel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **negate** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | cancel *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** | infinitive |  | no effect |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To negate a statement is to deny it or say it is not true.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negate:m2:1
# text = To negate a statement is to deny it or say it is not true.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	negate	negate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	deny	deny	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **negate** | to-infinitive |  | a statement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | deny *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present | statement |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To negate a sentence is to make it negative, for example by adding «not».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negate:m3:1
# text = To negate a sentence is to make it negative, for example by adding «not».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	negate	negate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	negative	negative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **negate** | to-infinitive |  | a sentence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for example; make, negative *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eating junk food can negate the good of exercising.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negate:x1:1
# text = Eating junk food can negate the good of exercising.
1	Eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	junk	junk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	negate	negate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	exercising	exercise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  | junk food |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |
| 2 | **negate** | can | Eating | the good |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **exercise** | gerund | Eating *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One rude word can negate a hundred kind ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negate:x2:1
# text = One rude word can negate a hundred kind ones.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	negate	negate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **negate** | can | One rude word | hundred kind ones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Negate the sentence by adding «not».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negate:x3:1
# text = Negate the sentence by adding «not».
1	Negate	negate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **negate** | imperative | you *not said here* | the sentence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new evidence negated his story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negate:x4:1
# text = The new evidence negated his story.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	negated	negate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **negate** | past | the new evidence | evidence's story |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In maths, negating 7 gives -7.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negate:x5:1
# text = In maths, negating 7 gives -7.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	negating	negate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
6	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	-	-	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **negate** | gerund | maths *not said here* | 7 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present |  |  |  | maths |  | - 7 | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rain negated all our watering.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negate:x6:1
# text = The rain negated all our watering.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	negated	negate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	watering	watering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **negate** | participle | the rain *not said here* | our watering |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **water** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom watering «process intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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