---
title: negligence — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «negligence» in the school dictionary: Not taking proper care, so that something bad may happen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# negligence

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, law, negligence, Leaving, Medical negligence, doctor · **What happens:** not take, happen, fail, take, expect, lead · **To what, where:** proper care, care, accident, gate, negligence, law · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«negligence» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [negligence in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/negligence.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not taking proper care, so that something bad may happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negligence:m1:1
# text = Not taking proper care, so that something bad may happen.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	proper	proper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	11	mark	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	nsubj	_	_
9	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
10	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **take** | gerund |  | proper care |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent care=Theme |
| 2 | **happen** | may | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Failing to take the care that the law expects, which can lead to paying for harm.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negligence:m2:1
# text = Failing to take the care that the law expects, which can lead to paying for harm.
1	Failing	fail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	expects	expect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
14	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fail** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | the care |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent care=Theme |
| 3 | **expect** | present | the law |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **lead** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 5 | **pay** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for harm | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for harm=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The accident was caused by negligence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negligence:x1:1
# text = The accident was caused by negligence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	negligence	negligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past · passive | negligence | the accident |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaving the gate open was negligence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negligence:x2:1
# text = Leaving the gate open was negligence.
1	Leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	negligence	negligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | gerund |  | the gate |  |  |  | open *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gate=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Leaving | negligence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(law) The company was found guilty of negligence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negligence:x3:1
# text = (law) The company was found guilty of negligence.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	negligence	negligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | law |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad's negligence wrecked another motor-car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negligence:x4:1
# text = Toad's negligence wrecked another motor-car.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	negligence	negligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wrecked	wreck	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
6	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wreck** | past | Toad's negligence | another motor car |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Medical negligence means a doctor did not take proper care.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negligence:x5:1
# text = Medical negligence means a doctor did not take proper care.
1	Medical	medical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	negligence	negligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
9	proper	proper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Medical negligence |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **take** | past · do-support | a doctor | proper care |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent care=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Owners must avoid negligence with dangerous dogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negligence:x6:1
# text = Owners must avoid negligence with dangerous dogs.
1	Owners	owner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	negligence	negligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | must | Owners | negligence |  |  |  | with dangerous dogs | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent negligence=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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