---
title: negotiation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «negotiation» in the school dictionary: Negotiation is talking with others to reach an agreement when you want different things, like deciding bedtime with your parents. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# negotiation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Negotiation, you, Negotiations, we, price, Peace negotiations · **What happens:** talk, reach, want, decide, be, end · **To what, where:** agreement, different things, bedtime, formal talks, war, price · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«negotiation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [negotiation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/negotiation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Negotiation is talking with others to reach an agreement when you want different things, like deciding bedtime with your parents.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:m1:1
# text = Negotiation is talking with others to reach an agreement when you want different things, like deciding bedtime with your parents.
1	Negotiation	negotiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
13	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	deciding	decide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
18	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present · progressive | Negotiation |  |  |  |  | with others | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with other=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **reach** | to-infinitive | Negotiation *not said here* | a agreement |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent agreement=Theme |
| 3 | **want** | present | you | different things |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme |
| 4 | **decide** | gerund | Negotiation *not said here* | bedtime |  |  |  | with your parents | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent bedtime=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Negotiations are formal talks between countries, companies or groups, for example to end a war or agree a price.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:m2:1
# text = Negotiations are formal talks between countries, companies or groups, for example to end a war or agree a price.
1	Negotiations	negotiation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	talks	talk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	companies	company	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	end	end	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	agree	agree	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Negotiations | formal talks |  |  |  | between countries and companies or groups; for example | tree rules |
| 2 | **end** | to-infinitive |  | a war |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality war=Eventuality |
| 3 | **agree** *speech: agree* | infinitive |  | a price |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent price=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Negotiation can mean finding a way through or past something difficult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:m3:1
# text = Negotiation can mean finding a way through or past something difficult.
1	Negotiation	negotiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	finding	find	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	through	through	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	past	past	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	conj	_	_
11	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Negotiation |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **find** *not said to happen* | gerund | Negotiation *not said here* | a way |  |  |  | through *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After some negotiation, we agreed to share the swing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:x1:1
# text = After some negotiation, we agreed to share the swing.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	share	share	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	swing	swing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | we |  |  |  | after some negotiation |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **share** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | the swing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The price is open to negotiation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:x2:1
# text = The price is open to negotiation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the price |  |  |  |  | to negotiation; open *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Peace negotiations can take many months.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:x3:1
# text = Peace negotiations can take many months.
1	Peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	negotiations	negotiation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | can | Peace negotiations |  |  |  | month |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good negotiation means both sides get something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:x4:1
# text = Good negotiation means both sides get something.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Good negotiation |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **get** | present | both sides | something |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My bedtime is not up for negotiation, says Mum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:x5:1
# text = My bedtime is not up for negotiation, says Mum.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	up	up	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | My bedtime |  |  |  |  | for negotiation; up *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Mum |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teachers' union is in negotiations about pay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:x6:1
# text = The teachers' union is in negotiations about pay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	union	union	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	negotiations	negotiation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the teachers's union |  |  | negotiations |  | about pay | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Negotiation is better than shouting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:x7:1
# text = Negotiation is better than shouting.
1	Negotiation	negotiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Negotiation |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | Negotiation *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The countries began negotiations to end the war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:x8:1
# text = The countries began negotiations to end the war.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	negotiations	negotiation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	end	end	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the countries | negotiations |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **end** | to-infinitive | the countries *not said here* | the war |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality war=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a brief contest negotiations of a peaceful nature were entered into between Odysseus and his subjects.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:negotiation:x9:1
# text = After a brief contest negotiations of a peaceful nature were entered into between Odysseus and his subjects.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	brief	brief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	contest	contest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	negotiations	negotiation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	peaceful	peaceful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	entered	enter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	between	between	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Odysseus	Odysseus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	subjects	subject	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | past · passive |  |  |  | Odysseus and his subjects | after a brief contest negotiations of a peaceful nature |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: into odysseus=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **negotiate** |  |  | a peaceful nature |  |  |  |  | nom negotiation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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