---
title: neolithic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «neolithic» in the school dictionary: Belonging to the New Stone Age, the last part of the Stone Age, when people began farming, keeping animals, making pottery and polished stone tools, and living in villages; in Britain about 4000 to 2500 BC. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and 
---

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# neolithic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, Neolithic people, Skara, We, Neolithic, Kipling · **What happens:** belong, begin, keep, make, polish, live · **To what, where:** farming, animals, pottery, stone tools, villages, wheat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«neolithic» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [neolithic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/neolithic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Belonging to the New Stone Age, the last part of the Stone Age, when people began farming, keeping animals, making pottery and polished stone tools, and living in villages; in Britain about 4000 to 2500 BC.

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neolithic:m1:1
# text = Belonging to the New Stone Age, the last part of the Stone Age, when people began farming, keeping animals, making pottery and polished stone tools, and living in villages; in Britain about 4000 to 2500 BC.
1	Belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Stone	Stone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Age	Age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Stone	Stone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Age	Age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
19	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
22	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
25	pottery	pottery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	polished	polish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
28	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
38	about	about	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	4000	4000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	32	obl	_	_
40	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	2500	2500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	39	nmod	_	_
42	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | gerund |  |  |  |  | to the Stone Age |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **begin** | past | people | farming |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent farming=Eventuality |
| 3 | **keep** | gerund |  | animals |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | gerund |  | pottery |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pottery=Product |
| 5 | **polish** | past |  | stone tools |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent tool=Destination |
| 6 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  | villages |  | in Britain; about 4000 to 2500 | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in village=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neolithic people grew wheat and kept sheep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neolithic:x1:1
# text = Neolithic people grew wheat and kept sheep.
1	Neolithic	neolithic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Neolithic people | wheat |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wheat=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | past | Neolithic people *not said here* | sheep |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Skara Brae is a Neolithic village in Orkney.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neolithic:x2:1
# text = Skara Brae is a Neolithic village in Orkney.
1	Skara	Skara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Brae	Brae	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Neolithic	neolithic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Orkney	Orkney	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Skara | a Neolithic village |  | Orkney |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made Neolithic pots out of clay at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neolithic:x3:1
# text = We made Neolithic pots out of clay at school.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Neolithic	Neolithic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pots	pot	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pot out** | present | Neolithic | clay at school |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent clay=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kipling calls Tegumai a Neolithic man.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neolithic:x4:1
# text = Kipling calls Tegumai a Neolithic man.
1	Kipling	Kipling	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	calls	call	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Tegumai	Tegumai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Neolithic	neolithic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Kipling |  | Tegumai |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tegumai=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neolithic tools were polished stone axes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neolithic:x5:1
# text = Neolithic tools were polished stone axes.
1	Neolithic	neolithic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	polished	polish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	axes	ax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **polish** | past · passive |  | Neolithic tools |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first stage of Stonehenge was built in Neolithic times.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neolithic:x6:1
# text = The first stage of Stonehenge was built in Neolithic times.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Stonehenge	Stonehenge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Neolithic	Neolithic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive |  | the first stage of Stonehenge |  |  | time |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Real writing came after the Neolithic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neolithic:x7:1
# text = Real writing came after the Neolithic.
1	Real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Neolithic	Neolithic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Real writing |  |  |  | after the Neolithic |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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