---
title: neutralisation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «neutralisation» in the school dictionary: A chemical reaction in which an acid and an alkali (or base) react and cancel each other out, making a salt and water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# neutralisation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** acid, act, effect, Neutralisation, Indigestion tablets, universal indicator · **What happens:** react, cancel out, make, have, stop, happen · **To what, where:** chemical reaction, each, salt, something, effect, danger

<!-- .vabout -->
«neutralisation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [neutralisation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/neutralisation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chemical reaction in which an acid and an alkali (or base) react and cancel each other out, making a salt and water.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neutralisation:m1:1
# text = A chemical reaction in which an acid and an alkali (or base) react and cancel each other out, making a salt and water.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	reaction	reaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	alkali	alkali	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
15	react	react	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	cancel	cancel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
18	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	17	obj	_	_
19	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	fixed	_	_
20	out	out	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **react** | present | a acid and a alkali |  |  | a chemical reaction |  |  | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cancel out** | present | a acid and a alkali *not said here* | each |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | a acid and a alkali *not said here* | a salt and water |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset salt=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of making something have no effect, or stopping a danger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neutralisation:m2:1
# text = The act of making something have no effect, or stopping a danger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	acl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund | the act *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 2 | **have** | present | the act | no effect |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |
| 3 | **stop** | gerund | no effect *not said here* | a danger |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality danger=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neutralisation happens when an acid reacts with an alkali.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neutralisation:x1:1
# text = Neutralisation happens when an acid reacts with an alkali.
1	Neutralisation	neutralisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	reacts	react	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	alkali	alkali	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Neutralisation |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **react** | present | a acid |  |  |  |  | with a alkali | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with alkali=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Indigestion tablets work by neutralisation of stomach acid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neutralisation:x2:1
# text = Indigestion tablets work by neutralisation of stomach acid.
1	Indigestion	indigestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	tablets	tablet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	neutralisation	neutralisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Indigestion tablets |  |  |  |  | by neutralisation of stomach acid | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **neutralise** |  |  | stomach acid |  |  |  |  | nom neutralisation «process transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Acid + alkali → salt + water is a neutralisation reaction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neutralisation:x3:1
# text = Acid + alkali → salt + water is a neutralisation reaction.
1	Acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
2	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	3	cc	_	_
3	alkali	alkali	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	→	→	SYM	SYM	_	5	punct	_	_
5	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	7	cc	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	neutralisation	neutralisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	reaction	reaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Acid + alkali and salt + water | a neutralisation reaction |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After neutralisation, the universal indicator turned green.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neutralisation:x4:1
# text = After neutralisation, the universal indicator turned green.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	neutralisation	neutralisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	universal	universal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	indicator	indicator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the universal indicator |  |  |  | after neutralisation | green *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers spread lime on acid soil for neutralisation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neutralisation:x5:1
# text = Farmers spread lime on acid soil for neutralisation.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lime	lime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	acid	acid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	neutralisation	neutralisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Farmers | lime |  | acid soil |  | for neutralisation | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent lime=Theme on soil=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bomb squad worked on the neutralisation of the old bomb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:neutralisation:x6:1
# text = The bomb squad worked on the neutralisation of the old bomb.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bomb	bomb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	squad	squad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	worked	work	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	neutralisation	neutralisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bomb	bomb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | participle |  | the bomb squad *not said here* |  |  |  | on the neutralisation of the old bomb | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on neutralisation=Theme |
| 2 | **neutralise** |  |  | the old bomb |  |  |  |  | nom neutralisation «process transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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