---
title: new — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «new» in the school dictionary: New means just made, just bought or not used before. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# new

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** New, Exams, He, She, many new apps, 8 new students · **What happens:** mean, make, buy, not use, not see, know · **To what, where:** you, someone, polite words, 5 new books, 12 new crayons, new town · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«new» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [new in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/new.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New means just made, just bought or not used before.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:m1:1
# text = New means just made, just bought or not used before.
1	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	just	just	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	bought	buy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
11	before	before	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | New |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **buy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | before *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New means not seen, known or done before.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:m2:1
# text = New means not seen, known or done before.
1	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
9	before	before	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | New |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **see** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **do** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | before *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New means just arrived or just started, like a new pupil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:m3:1
# text = New means just arrived or just started, like a new pupil.
1	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	just	just	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | New |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **arrive** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **start** | past |  |  |  |  |  | like a new pupil | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New can mean different from the one before.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:m4:1
# text = New can mean different from the one before.
1	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	before	before	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | New |  |  |  |  | different *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«What's new?» means how are you, what has happened; «brand new», «spanking new» mean very new.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:m5:1
# text = «What's new?» means how are you, what has happened; «brand new», «spanking new» mean very new.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	nsubj	_	_
13	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	brand	brand	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	spanking	spank	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	nsubj	_	_
23	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
25	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
26	very	very	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | new *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | new |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **happen** | present · perfect · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **spank** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | new *property* | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The new kid», «newbie», «noob» (gaming slang) is someone who has just started; «noob» can be a put-down.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:m6:1
# text = «The new kid», «newbie», «noob» (gaming slang) is someone who has just started; «noob» can be a put-down.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	kid	kid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	newbie	newbie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	noob	noob	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	gaming	gaming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	conj	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
21	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	just	just	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	started	start	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	noob	noob	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
28	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	cop	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
31	put	put	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | present · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is** | can |  |  |  |  |  | down *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: euphemism — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Pre-owned», «pre-loved» and «nearly new» are polite words for used or second-hand.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:m7:1
# text = «Pre-owned», «pre-loved» and «nearly new» are polite words for used or second-hand.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Pre-owned	pre-owned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	pre-loved	pre-loved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
16	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	21	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | polite words or second hand |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | polite words or second hand *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 8 {#m8}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exams say «additional», «newly acquired», «recently admitted», «a further», «novel» and «unprecedented».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:m8:1
# text = Exams say «additional», «newly acquired», «recently admitted», «a further», «novel» and «unprecedented».
1	Exams	exam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	recently	recently	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	admitted	admit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	further	further	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	novel	novel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	unprecedented	unprecedented	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Exams |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **acquire** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | newly *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **admit** *speech: other* *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | recently *property* | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He bought 5 new books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x1:1
# text = He bought 5 new books.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | He | 5 new books |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She got 12 new crayons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x2:1
# text = She got 12 new crayons.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	crayons	crayon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | She | 12 new crayons |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer crayon=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many new apps did he download?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x3:1
# text = How many new apps did he download?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	apps	app	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	download	download	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **download** | past · do-support | many new apps |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 8 new students.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x4:1
# text = There are 8 new students.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 8 new students |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My shoes are brand new.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x5:1
# text = My shoes are brand new.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	brand	brand	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My shoes |  |  |  |  | brand, new *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We moved to a new town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x6:1
# text = We moved to a new town.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | We |  |  | a new town |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to town=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let's be kind to the new girl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x7:1
# text = Let's be kind to the new girl.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | 's |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | 's *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the new girl; kind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After washing, the bike looked as good as new.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x8:1
# text = After washing, the bike looked as good as new.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	washing	wash	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | gerund | the bike *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **look** | past | the bike |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What's new? Got 3 new games, wanna see?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* What's new?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x9:1
# text = What's new?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | new *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Got 3 new games, wanna see?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x9:2
# text = Got 3 new games, wanna see?
1	Got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	wanna	wanna	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	7	dep	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past |  | 3 new games |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer game=Stimulus |
| 2 | **see** | infinitive | 3 new games *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You noob, you counted the same sheep twice!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x10:1
# text = You noob, you counted the same sheep twice!
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	noob	noob	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | past | You | the same sheep |  |  |  | twice *property* | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bike's pre-loved, only 40 bucks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x11:1
# text = The bike's pre-loved, only 40 bucks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	pre-loved	pre-loved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	bucks	buck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A library of 120 volumes is supplemented by 30 newly acquired volumes. State the aggregate holding.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A library of 120 volumes is supplemented by 30 newly acquired volumes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x12:1
# text = A library of 120 volumes is supplemented by 30 newly acquired volumes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	120	120	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	volumes	volume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	supplemented	supplement	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
10	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	volumes	volume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supplement** | present · passive | 30 acquired volumes | a library of 120 volumes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **acquire** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | newly *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* State the aggregate holding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x12:2
# text = State the aggregate holding.
1	State	state	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	aggregate	aggregate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | the aggregate |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent aggregate=Topic |
| 2 | **hold** | gerund | the aggregate *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"New times now; all is changed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:new:x13:1
# text = "New times now; all is changed.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	New	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | all |  |  | now; time |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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