---
title: newborn — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «newborn» in the school dictionary: Just born, only a few hours, days or weeks old: «a newborn baby», «a newborn lamb». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# newborn

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** aunt, newborn lambs, newborn baby, Newborns, newborn foal, you · **What happens:** bear, have, stay, sleep, need, stand up · **To what, where:** baby, newborn baby girl, most, milk, wobbly legs, hands

<!-- .vabout -->
«newborn» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [newborn in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/newborn.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Just born, only a few hours, days or weeks old: «a newborn baby», «a newborn lamb».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:newborn:m1:1
# text = Just born, only a few hours, days or weeks old: «a newborn baby», «a newborn lamb».
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby that has just been born.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:newborn:m2:1
# text = A baby that has just been born.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · perfect · passive |  | a baby |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt has a newborn baby girl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:newborn:x1:1
# text = My aunt has a newborn baby girl.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My aunt | a newborn baby girl |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent girl=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newborn lambs stayed close to their mothers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:newborn:x2:1
# text = The newborn lambs stayed close to their mothers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lambs	lamb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mothers	mother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | the newborn lambs |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A newborn baby sleeps most of the day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:newborn:x3:1
# text = A newborn baby sleeps most of the day.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sleeps	sleep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | a newborn baby | most of the day |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Newborns need milk every few hours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:newborn:x4:1
# text = Newborns need milk every few hours.
1	Newborns	newborn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
5	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Newborns | milk |  |  | hour |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot milk=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newborn foal stood up on wobbly legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:newborn:x5:1
# text = The newborn foal stood up on wobbly legs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	foal	foal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	wobbly	wobbly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | past | the newborn foal |  |  | wobbly legs |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on leg=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands before you hold a newborn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:newborn:x6:1
# text = Wash your hands before you hold a newborn.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	newborn	newborn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **hold** | present | you | a newborn |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent newborn=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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