---
title: ng — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ng» in the school dictionary: The letter pair «ng» that makes one sound, as at the end of sing, ring and long. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ng

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** that, plan, words, you, engineer, NG · **What happens:** make, be, sing, ring, bang, think · **To what, where:** one sound, end, ng, finger, broken part, good

<!-- .vabout -->
«ng» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ng in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ng.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: phonics — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The letter pair «ng» that makes one sound, as at the end of sing, ring and long.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ng:m1:1
# text = The letter pair «ng» that makes one sound, as at the end of sing, ring and long.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ng	ng	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	sing	sing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | that | one sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«no good», as in «that plan is NG».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ng:m2:1
# text = «no good», as in «that plan is NG».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	NG	NG	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | that plan |  |  |  |  | as NG | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short code for Nigeria (NG) or for «National Guard» or «nanogram» (ng) in science.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ng:m3:1
# text = A short code for Nigeria (NG) or for «National Guard» or «nanogram» (ng) in science.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Nigeria	Nigeria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	NG	NG	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	National	National	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Guard	Guard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	nanogram	nanogram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	ng	ng	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The words sing, ring and bang all end in «ng».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ng:x1:1
# text = The words sing, ring and bang all end in «ng».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	ring	ring	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bang	bang	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ng	ng	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | the words |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **ring** | present | the words *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bang** | present | the words *not said here* | all end |  | ng |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent end=Theme in ng=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you think of five words with «ng» at the end?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ng:x2:1
# text = Can you think of five words with «ng» at the end?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	ng	ng	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | can | you |  |  |  |  | of five words with ng at the end | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In «finger» you can hear «ng» followed by a «g» sound.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ng:x3:1
# text = In «finger» you can hear «ng» followed by a «g» sound.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	ng	ng	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	followed	follow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	g	G	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | can | you | ng |  | finger |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer ng=Stimulus |
| 2 | **follow** | participle |  | ng *not said here* |  |  |  | by a g sound | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by sound=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The engineer wrote «NG» on the broken part, meaning no good.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ng:x4:1
# text = The engineer wrote «NG» on the broken part, meaning no good.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	engineer	engineer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	NG	NG	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | the engineer | NG |  | the broken part |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ng=Theme on part=Destination |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **mean** | gerund | the engineer *not said here* | no good |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent good=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
NG is the country code for Nigeria.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ng:x5:1
# text = NG is the country code for Nigeria.
1	NG	NG	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Nigeria	Nigeria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | NG | the country code |  |  |  | for Nigeria | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A nanogram, written ng, is a billionth of a gram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ng:x6:1
# text = A nanogram, written ng, is a billionth of a gram.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nanogram	nanogram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	ng	ng	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	billionth	billionth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	gram	gram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a nanogram and written ng | a billionth |  |  |  | of a gram | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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