---
title: nicaea — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nicaea» in the school dictionary: Nicaea was an ancient city in what is now Turkey (today the town of İznik). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nicaea

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Nicaea, Council, Christian bishops, Christians, Bishops, Many churches · **What happens:** be, hold, call, write, believe, state · **To what, where:** ancient city, Turkey, famous meeting, Christian bishops, Roman emperor, Nicene Creed · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«nicaea» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nicaea in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/nicaea.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history, church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nicaea was an ancient city in what is now Turkey (today the town of İznik).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicaea:m1:1
# text = Nicaea was an ancient city in what is now Turkey (today the town of İznik).
1	Nicaea	Nicaea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	İznik	İznik	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Nicaea | a ancient city |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | Turkey |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Council of Nicaea was a famous meeting of Christian bishops held there, called by the Roman emperor Constantine; it wrote the Nicene Creed, a statement of what Christians believe about God.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicaea:m2:1
# text = The Council of Nicaea was a famous meeting of Christian bishops held there, called by the Roman emperor Constantine; it wrote the Nicene Creed, a statement of what Christians believe about God.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Council	Council	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Nicaea	Nicaea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bishops	bishop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	xcomp	_	_
20	Constantine	Constantine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Nicene	Nicene	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	flat	_	_
26	Creed	Creed	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nmod	_	_
32	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj	_	_
33	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	acl:relcl	_	_
34	about	about	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Council of Nicaea | a famous meeting |  |  |  | of Christian bishops | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | participle |  | Christian bishops *not said here* |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **call** | participle | Christian bishops *not said here* | the Roman emperor |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **write** | past | Council | the Nicene Creed |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent creed=Theme |
| 5 | **believe** | present | Christians |  |  |  |  | about God | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **state** |  |  | the Nicene Creed |  |  |  |  | nom statement «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Council of Nicaea met in an ancient city in Turkey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicaea:x1:1
# text = The Council of Nicaea met in an ancient city in Turkey.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Council	Council	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Nicaea	Nicaea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | the Council of Nicaea |  |  | a ancient city in Turkey |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bishops travelled from many lands to Nicaea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicaea:x2:1
# text = Bishops travelled from many lands to Nicaea.
1	Bishops	bishop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	travelled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Nicaea	Nicaea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | past | Bishops |  |  | many lands to Nicaea |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from land=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Nicene Creed is named after Nicaea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicaea:x3:1
# text = The Nicene Creed is named after Nicaea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Nicene	Nicene	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
3	Creed	Creed	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Nicaea	Nicaea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | present · passive |  | the Nicene Creed |  |  | after Nicaea |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many churches still say the Nicene Creed on Sundays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicaea:x4:1
# text = Many churches still say the Nicene Creed on Sundays.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Nicene	Nicene	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
7	Creed	Creed	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Sundays	Sunday	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Many churches | the Nicene Creed |  |  | still | on Sundays | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent creed=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Emperor Constantine called the council at Nicaea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicaea:x5:1
# text = Emperor Constantine called the council at Nicaea.
1	Emperor	Emperor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Constantine	Constantine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Nicaea	Nicaea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | Emperor Constantine | the council |  |  |  | at Nicaea | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme PP.recipient PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent council=Theme at nicaea=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nicaea is now a town called İznik.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicaea:x6:1
# text = Nicaea is now a town called İznik.
1	Nicaea	Nicaea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	İznik	İznik	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Nicaea | a town |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a town *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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