---
title: nicotine — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nicotine» in the school dictionary: A chemical drug found in tobacco plants, cigarettes and vapes; it is poisonous and makes people addicted, so they find it very hard to stop. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nicotine

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** chemical drug, people, drug, Cigarettes, Nicotine, Many vapes · **What happens:** find, be, make, addict, stop, contain · **To what, where:** chemical drug, tobacco plants, people, drug, nicotine, it

<!-- .vabout -->
«nicotine» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nicotine in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/nicotine.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chemical drug found in tobacco plants, cigarettes and vapes; it is poisonous and makes people addicted, so they find it very hard to stop.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicotine:m1:1
# text = A chemical drug found in tobacco plants, cigarettes and vapes; it is poisonous and makes people addicted, so they find it very hard to stop.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	tobacco	tobacco	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	cigarettes	cigarette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	vapes	vape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	addicted	addict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	very	very	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle |  | a chemical drug *not said here* |  | tobacco plants and cigarettes and vapes |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | a chemical drug |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | present | a chemical drug *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **addict** | participle | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **find** | present | people | drug |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 6 | **stop** | to-infinitive | drug *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cigarettes contain nicotine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicotine:x1:1
# text = Cigarettes contain nicotine.
1	Cigarettes	cigarette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	contain	contain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nicotine	nicotine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | Cigarettes | nicotine |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot nicotine=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nicotine makes it very hard for people to stop smoking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicotine:x2:1
# text = Nicotine makes it very hard for people to stop smoking.
1	Nicotine	nicotine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	smoking	smoking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Nicotine | it |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | people | smoking |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector smoking=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many vapes have nicotine in them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicotine:x3:1
# text = Many vapes have nicotine in them.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	vapes	vape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nicotine	nicotine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Many vapes | nicotine |  |  |  | in them *= they* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nicotine=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nicotine is harmful to growing brains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicotine:x4:1
# text = Nicotine is harmful to growing brains.
1	Nicotine	nicotine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	brains	brain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Nicotine |  |  |  |  | harmful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | Nicotine *not said here* | brains |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location brain=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liquid nicotine is poisonous if swallowed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicotine:x5:1
# text = Liquid nicotine is poisonous if swallowed.
1	Liquid	liquid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	nicotine	nicotine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Liquid nicotine |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **swallow** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | Liquid nicotine *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa uses nicotine patches to help him quit smoking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicotine:x6:1
# text = Grandpa uses nicotine patches to help him quit smoking.
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nicotine	nicotine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	patches	patch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	quit	quit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	smoking	smoking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Grandpa | nicotine patches |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patch=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | Grandpa *not said here* | Grandpa |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **quit** | infinitive | Grandpa *not said here* | smoking |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smoking=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shops cannot sell nicotine products to children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nicotine:x7:1
# text = Shops cannot sell nicotine products to children.
1	Shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	nicotine	nicotine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	products	product	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sell** | can | Shops | nicotine products | children |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent product=Theme to child=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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