---
title: nirvana — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nirvana» in the school dictionary: In Buddhism, nirvana is the state of perfect peace a person reaches when they are free from all desire and suffering and are no longer reborn; Buddhists believe the Buddha reached it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nirvana

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** nirvana, person, they, Buddhists, Buddha, chocolate shop · **What happens:** be, reach, believe, mean, follow, lead · **To what, where:** state, Buddhism, desire, person, place, nirvana · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«nirvana» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nirvana in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/nirvana.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: religion — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Buddhism, nirvana is the state of perfect peace a person reaches when they are free from all desire and suffering and are no longer reborn; Buddhists believe the Buddha reached it.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nirvana:m1:1
# text = In Buddhism, nirvana is the state of perfect peace a person reaches when they are free from all desire and suffering and are no longer reborn; Buddhists believe the Buddha reached it.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	nirvana	nirvana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	reaches	reach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	ccomp	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	det	_	_
20	desire	desire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
25	no	no	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	27	advmod	_	_
27	reborn	reborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	Buddhists	Buddhist	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
30	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
33	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	ccomp	_	_
34	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | nirvana | the state |  | Buddhism |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reach** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | of perfect peace | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | they |  |  | all desire and suffering |  | free *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  | long, reborn *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **believe** | present | Buddhists |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **reach** | past | the Buddha | person |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nirvana means a place or state of perfect happiness: «This chocolate shop is nirvana!».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nirvana:m2:1
# text = Nirvana means a place or state of perfect happiness: «This chocolate shop is nirvana!».
1	Nirvana	nirvana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	happiness	happiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
13	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	nirvana	nirvana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Nirvana | a place or state of perfect happiness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | this chocolate shop | nirvana |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nirvana was a famous American rock band.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nirvana:m3:1
# text = Nirvana was a famous American rock band.
1	Nirvana	Nirvana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Nirvana | a famous American rock band |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buddhists believe the Buddha reached nirvana.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nirvana:x1:1
# text = Buddhists believe the Buddha reached nirvana.
1	Buddhists	buddhist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	nirvana	nirvana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Buddhists |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **reach** | past | the Buddha | nirvana |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent nirvana=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nirvana means freedom from suffering in Buddhism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nirvana:x2:1
# text = Nirvana means freedom from suffering in Buddhism.
1	Nirvana	nirvana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Nirvana | freedom |  | suffering in Buddhism |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freedom=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Following the Eightfold Path leads towards nirvana, Buddhists teach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nirvana:x3:1
# text = Following the Eightfold Path leads towards nirvana, Buddhists teach.
1	Following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Eightfold	Eightfold	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Path	Path	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	leads	lead	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	nirvana	nirvana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	Buddhists	Buddhist	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	teach	teach	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lead** | present |  |  |  | nirvana |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent towards nirvana=Destination |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | Buddhists | nirvana *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent nirvana=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) Lying in the hammock in the sun was nirvana.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nirvana:x4:1
# text = (informal) Lying in the hammock in the sun was nirvana.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	csubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hammock	hammock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	nirvana	nirvana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | gerund |  |  |  | the hammock in the sun |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in hammock=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past | informal | nirvana |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For my brother, a pizza buffet is nirvana.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nirvana:x5:1
# text = For my brother, a pizza buffet is nirvana.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	buffet	buffet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	nirvana	nirvana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pizza buffet | nirvana |  |  |  | for my brother | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nirvana was a famous rock band from Seattle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nirvana:x6:1
# text = Nirvana was a famous rock band from Seattle.
1	Nirvana	Nirvana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Seattle	Seattle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Nirvana | a famous rock band |  | Seattle |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned about nirvana in our lesson on Buddhism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nirvana:x7:1
# text = We learned about nirvana in our lesson on Buddhism.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	nirvana	nirvana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  | our lesson on Buddhism |  | about nirvana | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about nirvana=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Nirvana» is a word from Sanskrit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nirvana:x8:1
# text = «Nirvana» is a word from Sanskrit.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nirvana	Nirvana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Sanskrit	Sanskrit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Nirvana | a word |  | Sanskrit |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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