---
title: no — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «no» in the school dictionary: No means not any, or zero. «No apples» means zero apples. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# no

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** No, apples, something, you, answer, No. · **What happens:** not mean, mean, be, not be, not agree, rain · **To what, where:** any, zero apples, answer, something, everyday ways, rough strong refusals · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«no» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [no in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/no.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No means not any, or zero. «No apples» means zero apples.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* No means not any, or zero.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:m1:1
# text = No means not any, or zero.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present | No | any |  |  |  | zero *obl* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent any=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «No apples» means zero apples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:m1:2
# text = «No apples» means zero apples.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | no apples | zero apples |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Topic |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No is the answer when something is not true or you do not agree: «Is it raining? No.».

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* No is the answer when something is not true or you do not agree: «Is it raining?

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:m2:1
# text = No is the answer when something is not true or you do not agree: «Is it raining?
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	agree	agree	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	raining	rain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | no answer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **agree** *speech: agree* | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **rain** *in a quote* | present · progressive | no answer |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* No.».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:m2:2
# text = No.».
1	No.	no.	NOUN	NN	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No can mean that something is not allowed: «No running», «No entry».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:m3:1
# text = No can mean that something is not allowed: «No running», «No entry».
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	running	running	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
17	entry	entry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | No |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **allow** | present · passive |  | something |  |  |  | no running and no entry *obl* | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No can mean «not» with comparisons: «no more», «no bigger than».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:m4:1
# text = No can mean «not» with comparisons: «no more», «no bigger than».
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	comparisons	comparison	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	no	no	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	no	no	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	parataxis	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | No |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«No.» with a dot is short for number: «No. 5».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:m5:1
# text = «No.» with a dot is short for number: «No. 5».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No.	no.	NOUN	NN	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dot	dot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	No.	no.	NOUN	NN	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	_
14	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | No. with a dot |  |  |  |  | for number; short *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Nah», «nope», «no way», «no chance» are everyday ways to say no; «no worries» (Australia, NZ) means it's fine; «no biggie» means it doesn't matter.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:m6:1
# text = «Nah», «nope», «no way», «no chance» are everyday ways to say no; «no worries» (Australia, NZ) means it's fine; «no biggie» means it doesn't matter.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	11	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	nope	nope	INTJ	UH	_	11	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	everyday	everyday	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	acl	_	_
23	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	22	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	27	det	_	_
27	worries	worry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
29	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	NZ	NZ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	30	punct	_	_
34	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
37	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	41	det	_	_
41	biggie	biggie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	41	punct	_	_
43	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	parataxis	_	_
44	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj	_	_
45	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	47	advmod	_	_
47	matter	matter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | no way | everyday ways and no worries |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | everyday ways and no worries *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | present | everyday ways and no worries |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fine *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **mean** | present | no biggie |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **not** **matter** | present · do-support | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«No bloody way», «no chance, mate» and «hell no» are rough strong refusals.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:m7:1
# text = «No bloody way», «no chance, mate» and «hell no» are rough strong refusals.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
3	bloody	bloody	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	hell	hell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
16	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	15	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	refusals	refusal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | no bloody way and no chance and hell  no | rough strong refusals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 8 {#m8}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Not any», «nil», «none whatsoever» and «in the negative» are stiff forms: «The answer is in the negative.».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:m8:1
# text = «Not any», «nil», «none whatsoever» and «in the negative» are stiff forms: «The answer is in the negative.».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	nil	nil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	3	appos	_	_
12	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	negative	negative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	negative	negative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | any stiff forms |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the answer |  |  | the negative |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has no pencils left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x1:1
# text = She has no pencils left.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	pencils	pencil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | no pencils |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Patient |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | no pencils *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No students were late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x2:1
# text = No students were late.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | no students |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is 15 an even number? No.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Is 15 an even number?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x3:1
# text = Is 15 an even number?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
2	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	even	even	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | 15 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* No.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x3:2
# text = No.
1	No.	no.	NOUN	NN	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are no more cookies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x4:1
# text = There are no more cookies.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | more cookies |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No running by the pool!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x5:1
# text = No running by the pool!
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	running	running	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** |  | the pool |  |  |  |  |  | nom running «act intransitive»: by=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is OK to say no if a game feels unsafe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x6:1
# text = It is OK to say no if a game feels unsafe.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	OK	ok	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	unsafe	unsafe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | ok *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **feel** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a game |  |  |  |  | unsafe *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The box was no bigger than a shoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x7:1
# text = The box was no bigger than a shoe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	no	no	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | the box |  |  |  |  | than a shoe; big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign said «No dogs allowed».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x8:1
# text = The sign said «No dogs allowed».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **allow** *in a quote* | participle · passive |  | no dogs |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
nah, no sweets left, ate the lot (casual)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x9:1
# text = nah, no sweets left, ate the lot (casual)
1	nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	casual	casual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | participle |  | no sweets *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | past | no sweets | the lot |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Thanks for the lift.» «No worries, mate.» (casual, Australia)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Thanks for the lift.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x10:1
# text = «Thanks for the lift.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «No worries, mate.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x10:2
# text = «No worries, mate.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	worries	worry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (casual, Australia)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x10:3
# text = (casual, Australia)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	casual	casual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lend you 5 quid? No bloody way, you never paid me back. (rough)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Lend you 5 quid?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x11:1
# text = Lend you 5 quid?
1	Lend	lend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	iobj	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	quid	quid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | imperative | you *not said here* | 5 quid | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient quid=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* No bloody way, you never paid me back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x11:2
# text = No bloody way, you never paid me back.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
2	bloody	bloody	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pay back** | past | you | no bloody way |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (rough)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x11:3
# text = (rough)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Subsequent to the distribution, no items whatsoever remained; determine the original quantity. (formal exam)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Subsequent to the distribution, no items whatsoever remained; determine the original quantity.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x12:1
# text = Subsequent to the distribution, no items whatsoever remained; determine the original quantity.
1	Subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	distribution	distribution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	items	item	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	remained	remain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	determine	determine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | past | no Subsequent items |  |  |  |  | whatsoever *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **determine** | infinitive | no Subsequent items *not said here* | the original quantity |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quantity=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (formal exam)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x12:2
# text = (formal exam)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"No, sir, by design," returned Aladdin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:no:x13:1
# text = "No, sir, by design," returned Aladdin.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	sir	sir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	_
10	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	Aladdin	Aladdin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | sir and design | Aladdin |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aladdin=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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