---
title: nocturnally — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nocturnally» in the school dictionary: At night; in a way that happens during the night, especially about animals that are active at night. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nocturnally

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, animals, Hedgehogs, you, Bats, Many desert animals · **What happens:** happen, be, feed, see, hunt, live · **To what, where:** Hedgehogs, heat, us

<!-- .vabout -->
«nocturnally» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nocturnally in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/nocturnally.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At night; in a way that happens during the night, especially about animals that are active at night.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nocturnally:m1:1
# text = At night; in a way that happens during the night, especially about animals that are active at night.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	orphan	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	during	during	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	about	about	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	parataxis	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | a way |  |  |  | night |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | animals |  |  |  | night | active *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hedgehogs feed nocturnally, so you rarely see them in the day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nocturnally:x1:1
# text = Hedgehogs feed nocturnally, so you rarely see them in the day.
1	Hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	feed	feed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nocturnally	nocturnally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	rarely	rarely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | present | Hedgehogs |  |  |  |  | nocturnally *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | present | you | Hedgehogs *= hedgehog* |  |  | day | rarely *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats hunt nocturnally for insects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nocturnally:x2:1
# text = Bats hunt nocturnally for insects.
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nocturnally	nocturnally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | Bats |  |  |  |  | for insects; nocturnally *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for insect=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many desert animals live nocturnally to avoid the heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nocturnally:x3:1
# text = Many desert animals live nocturnally to avoid the heat.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	nocturnally	nocturnally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Many desert animals |  |  |  |  | nocturnally *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **avoid** | to-infinitive | Many desert animals *not said here* | the heat |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent heat=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our hamster is active nocturnally and keeps us awake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nocturnally:x4:1
# text = Our hamster is active nocturnally and keeps us awake.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	hamster	hamster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	nocturnally	nocturnally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our hamster |  |  |  |  | active, nocturnally *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Our hamster *not said here* | us |  |  |  | awake *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Owls see well because they hunt nocturnally.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nocturnally:x5:1
# text = Owls see well because they hunt nocturnally.
1	Owls	owl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	nocturnally	nocturnally	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | Owls |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **hunt** | present | Owls *= owl* |  |  |  |  | nocturnally *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flowers open nocturnally and are visited by moths.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nocturnally:x6:1
# text = The flowers open nocturnally and are visited by moths.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	open	open	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nocturnally	nocturnally	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	visited	visit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	moths	moth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present | the flowers |  |  |  |  | nocturnally *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **visit** | present · passive | moths |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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