---
title: noel — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «noel» in the school dictionary: Another word for Christmas, used in songs and on cards. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# noel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Noel, We, card, French, choir · **What happens:** use, be, sing, say, bear · **To what, where:** word, songs, name, First Noel, church, gold letters · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«noel» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [noel in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/noel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Another word for Christmas, used in songs and on cards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:noel:m1:1
# text = Another word for Christmas, used in songs and on cards.
1	Another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | another word for Christmas *not said here* |  | songs and cards |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Christmas carol.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:noel:m2:1
# text = A Christmas carol.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	carol	carol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noel is a name for boys, Noelle for girls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:noel:m3:1
# text = Noel is a name for boys, Noelle for girls.
1	Noel	Noel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Noelle	Noelle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Noel | a name |  |  |  | for boys | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sang «The First Noel» at church.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:noel:x1:1
# text = We sang «The First Noel» at church.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	First	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	Noel	Noel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | We | the First Noel |  | church |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location noel=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The card said «Noel» in gold letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:noel:x2:1
# text = The card said «Noel» in gold letters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Noel	Noel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the card |  |  | gold letters |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in letter=Manner |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(French) In France people say «Joyeux Noël».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:noel:x3:1
# text = (French) In France people say «Joyeux Noël».
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Joyeux	Joyeux	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Noël	Noël	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | French in France | Joyeux Noël |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent noël=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle Noel was born on Christmas Day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:noel:x4:1
# text = My uncle Noel was born on Christmas Day.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	Noel	Noel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | My uncle |  |  | on Christmas Day |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The choir sang noels in the square.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:noel:x5:1
# text = The choir sang noels in the square.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	noels	noel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the choir | noels |  | the square |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location noel=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noel, Noel, born is the King of Israel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:noel:x6:1
# text = Noel, Noel, born is the King of Israel.
1	Noel	Noel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Noel	Noel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | participle |  | Noel and Noel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Noel and Noel | the King |  |  |  | of Israel | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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