---
title: non — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «non» in the school dictionary: Non- is put at the start of a word to mean not or without: non-fiction, non-stop, non-smoker. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# non

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, We, rock, Wood, paint, you · **What happens:** put, mean, start, write, like, read · **To what, where:** Non, start, word, It, most words, non-fiction books

<!-- .vabout -->
«non» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [non in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/non.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Non- is put at the start of a word to mean not or without: non-fiction, non-stop, non-smoker.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:non:m1:1
# text = Non- is put at the start of a word to mean not or without: non-fiction, non-stop, non-smoker.
1	Non	Non	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
17	non-fiction	non-fiction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	non-stop	non-stop	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	non-smoker	non-smoker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present · passive |  | Non |  | the start of a word |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme at start=Destination |
| 2 | **mean** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent not=Topic |
| 3 | **start** |  |  | a word |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is written with a hyphen in most words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:non:m2:1
# text = It is written with a hyphen in most words.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hyphen	hyphen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | It |  | most words |  | with a hyphen | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in word=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I like reading non-fiction books about space.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:non:x1:1
# text = I like reading non-fiction books about space.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	non-fiction	non-fiction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **read** *not said to happen* | gerund | I *not said here* | non-fiction books |  |  |  | about space | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We flew non-stop to London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:non:x2:1
# text = We flew non-stop to London.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	non-stop	non-stop	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | We |  | London |  |  | non-stop *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to london=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rock is a non-living thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:non:x3:1
# text = A rock is a non-living thing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	non-living	non-living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a rock | a non-living thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wood is a non-metal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:non:x4:1
# text = Wood is a non-metal.
1	Wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	non-metal	non-metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Wood | a non-metal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The paint is non-toxic, so it is safe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:non:x5:1
# text = The paint is non-toxic, so it is safe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	non-toxic	non-toxic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the paint |  |  |  |  | non-toxic *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | paint |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put a non-slip mat in the bath.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:non:x6:1
# text = Put a non-slip mat in the bath.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	non-slip	non-slip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	mat	mat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bath	bath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | a non-slip mat |  | the bath |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent mat=Theme in bath=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coal is a non-renewable fuel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:non:x7:1
# text = Coal is a non-renewable fuel.
1	Coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	non-renewable	non-renewable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Coal | a non-renewable fuel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He talked non-stop all the way home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:non:x8:1
# text = He talked non-stop all the way home.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	talked	talk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	non-stop	non-stop	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	home	home	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | past | He | all way |  |  |  | non-stop *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yet it is dangerous to trust to mere non-appearance in literature as proof of non-existence among the folk.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:non:x9:1
# text = Yet it is dangerous to trust to mere non-appearance in literature as proof of non-existence among the folk.
1	Yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	trust	trust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	mere	mere	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	non-appearance	non-appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	non-existence	non-existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	among	among	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | dangerous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **trust** | to-infinitive |  |  | mere non-appearance | literature |  | as proof of non-existence; among the folk | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to non-appearance=Recipient |
| 3 | **proof** |  |  | non-existence |  |  |  |  | nom proof «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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