---
title: none — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «none» in the school dictionary: None means not one, or not any. If none are left, zero are left. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# none

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** None, you, He, I, baking, Her · **What happens:** not mean, leave, be, say, not be, give away · **To what, where:** one, none, zero, single one, rude way, cards · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«none» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [none in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/none.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
None means not one, or not any. If none are left, zero are left.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* None means not one, or not any.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:m1:1
# text = None means not one, or not any.
1	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present | None | one |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* If none are left, zero are left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:m1:2
# text = If none are left, zero are left.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | none |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | present · passive |  | zero |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«None of» a group means not a single one of them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:m2:1
# text = «None of» a group means not a single one of them.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present | None | a single one of them |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«None of your business» is a rude way to say «that is not for you to know».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:m3:1
# text = «None of your business» is a rude way to say «that is not for you to know».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	obl	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	know	know	VERB	VB	Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | None | a rude way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  | that *obl*; know *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
None of the apples were rotten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:x1:1
# text = None of the apples were rotten.
1	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	rotten	rotten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | None |  |  |  |  | rotten *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave away all his cards, so he has none.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:x2:1
# text = He gave away all his cards, so he has none.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give away** | past | He | his cards |  |  |  | away *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent card=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | he | none |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent none=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
None of the boys wore hats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:x3:1
# text = None of the boys wore hats.
1	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	hats	hat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | None | hats |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many cookies are left? None!

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How many cookies are left?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:x4:1
# text = How many cookies are left?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · passive |  | many cookies |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* None!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:x4:2
# text = None!
1	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
None of the seeds grew in the dark cupboard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:x5:1
# text = None of the seeds grew in the dark cupboard.
1	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cupboard	cupboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | None |  |  | the dark cupboard |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cupboard=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I looked for my shoe, but there was none under the bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:x6:1
# text = I looked for my shoe, but there was none under the bed.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
9	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	9	nsubj	_	_
11	under	under	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | I |  |  |  |  | for my shoe | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for shoe=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | past | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her baking is second to none.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:x7:1
# text = Her baking is second to none.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	baking	baking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Her baking |  |  |  |  | to none; second *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bake** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom baking «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
None of my friends were at the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:x8:1
# text = None of my friends were at the park.
1	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | None |  |  | the park |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
None of us has any pockets.”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:none:x9:1
# text = None of us has any pockets.”
1	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	pockets	pocket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | None | any pockets |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pocket=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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