---
title: norse — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «norse» in the school dictionary: Norse describes the people of old Scandinavia (Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland) in the time of the Vikings, and their language, gods and stories. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# norse

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Norse, Old Norse, Vikings, Thor, We, Norse sailors · **What happens:** describe, be, speak, read, reach, come · **To what, where:** people, language, Norse god, Norse myths, Old Norse, North America · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«norse» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [norse in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/norse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Norse describes the people of old Scandinavia (Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland) in the time of the Vikings, and their language, gods and stories.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:norse:m1:1
# text = Norse describes the people of old Scandinavia (Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland) in the time of the Vikings, and their language, gods and stories.
1	Norse	norse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Scandinavia	Scandinavia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Norway	Norway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Denmark	Denmark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Sweden	Sweden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Iceland	Iceland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	appos	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Norse | the people of old Scandinavia |  |  | time |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old Norse is the language the Vikings spoke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:norse:m2:1
# text = Old Norse is the language the Vikings spoke.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Norse	Norse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Old Norse | the language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the Vikings | the language *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Norse are the people of that time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:norse:m3:1
# text = The Norse are the people of that time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Norse	Norse	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Norse | the people |  |  | time |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thor is a Norse god of thunder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:norse:x1:1
# text = Thor is a Norse god of thunder.
1	Thor	thor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Norse	norse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Thor | a Norse god |  |  |  | of thunder | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read Norse myths about Odin and Loki.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:norse:x2:1
# text = We read Norse myths about Odin and Loki.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Norse	norse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	myths	myth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Odin	Odin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Loki	Loki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | Norse myths |  |  |  | about Odin and Loki | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myth=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Vikings spoke Old Norse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:norse:x3:1
# text = The Vikings spoke Old Norse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Norse	Norse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the Vikings | Old Norse |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Norse sailors reached North America long before Columbus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:norse:x4:1
# text = Norse sailors reached North America long before Columbus.
1	Norse	norse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | Norse sailors | North America |  |  | before Columbus | long *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent america=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Sky» and «egg» came into English from Old Norse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:norse:x5:1
# text = «Sky» and «egg» came into English from Old Norse.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Norse	Norse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Sky and egg |  |  | English |  | from Old Norse | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme into english=Initial\_Location from norse=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Norse believed in a great tree joining nine worlds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:norse:x6:1
# text = The Norse believed in a great tree joining nine worlds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Norse	Norse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	joining	join	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	worlds	world	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | the Norse |  |  | a great tree |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **join** | gerund | a great tree *not said here* | nine worlds |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent world=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dublin was founded as a Norse town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:norse:x7:1
# text = Dublin was founded as a Norse town.
1	Dublin	Dublin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Norse	norse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **found** | past · passive |  | Dublin |  |  |  | as a Norse town | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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