---
title: north — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «north» in the school dictionary: North is one of the four main directions, towards the top of most maps. The other three are south, east and west. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# north

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** North, other three, part, we, North Pole, He · **What happens:** be, lie, mean, go, drive, walk · **To what, where:** one, part, direction, north, northern point, 5 km

<!-- .vabout -->
«north» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [north in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/north.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
North is one of the four main directions, towards the top of most maps. The other three are south, east and west.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* North is one of the four main directions, towards the top of most maps.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:m1:1
# text = North is one of the four main directions, towards the top of most maps.
1	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	15	amod	_	_
15	maps	map	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | North | one |  |  |  | of the four main directions | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The other three are south, east and west.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:m1:2
# text = The other three are south, east and west.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	south	south	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	east	east	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	west	west	ADV	RB	_	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the other three |  |  |  |  | east, south *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The north of a country or place is the part that lies in that direction.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:m2:1
# text = The north of a country or place is the part that lies in that direction.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the north of a country or place | the part |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | present | the part |  |  | that direction |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in direction=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
North also means going towards the north: we drove north.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:m3:1
# text = North also means going towards the north: we drove north.
1	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	north	north	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | North |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *not said to happen* | gerund | North *not said here* |  |  | the north |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards north=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **drive** | past | we |  |  |  |  | north *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The North Pole is the most northern point of the Earth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:m4:1
# text = The North Pole is the most northern point of the Earth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the North Pole | the northern point |  |  |  | of the Earth | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He walked 5 km north and then 3 km south. How far is he from the start?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He walked 5 km north and then 3 km south.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:x1:1
# text = He walked 5 km north and then 3 km south.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	km	km	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	north	north	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
8	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	km	km	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
10	south	south	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | He | 5 km |  |  |  | 3 km *obl*; north *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme km=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How far is he from the start?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:x1:2
# text = How far is he from the start?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | he |  |  | the start |  | far *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town is 20 km north of the city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:x2:1
# text = The town is 20 km north of the city.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	km	km	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	north	north	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the town | 20 km |  |  |  | north *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The north side of the garden is 10 m long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:x3:1
# text = The north side of the garden is 10 m long.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	north	north	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	m	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the north side of the garden |  |  |  |  | 10 m *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds fly north in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:x4:1
# text = Birds fly north in spring.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	north	north	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | Birds |  |  |  | spring | north *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A compass needle always points north.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:x5:1
# text = A compass needle always points north.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	compass	compass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	needle	needle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	points	point	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	north	north	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point** | present | a compass needle |  |  |  |  | always, north *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polar bears live near the North Pole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:x6:1
# text = Polar bears live near the North Pole.
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Polar bears |  |  | the North Pole |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near pole=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school is north of the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:x7:1
# text = Our school is north of the river.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	north	north	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our school |  |  |  |  | of the river; north *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:north:x8:1
# text = Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.
1	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
8	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Scotland |  |  | the north |  | of Great Britain | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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