---
title: northern — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «northern» in the school dictionary: Northern means in or from the north part of a place. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# northern

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Northern, Northern Lights, bright colourful lights, Scotland, We, It · **What happens:** mean, face, go, be, shine, glow · **To what, where:** north, bright colourful lights, night sky, northern part, Northern Hemisphere, more · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«northern» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [northern in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/northern.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Northern means in or from the north part of a place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:m1:1
# text = Northern means in or from the north part of a place.
1	Northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	north	north	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Northern |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Northern also means facing or going towards the north.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:m2:1
# text = Northern also means facing or going towards the north.
1	Northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	facing	face	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	ccomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
7	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **face** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | the north |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards north=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Northern Lights are bright, colourful lights that shine across the night sky near the North Pole.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:m3:1
# text = The Northern Lights are bright, colourful lights that shine across the night sky near the North Pole.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Lights	Light	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	colourful	colourful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	shine	shine	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	across	across	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	near	near	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Northern Lights | bright colourful lights |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shine** | present | bright colourful lights |  |  | the night sky near the North Pole |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scotland is in the northern part of Great Britain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:x1:1
# text = Scotland is in the northern part of Great Britain.
1	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
9	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Scotland |  |  | the northern part |  | of Great Britain | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The northern lights glow in the night sky in the far north.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:x2:1
# text = The northern lights glow in the night sky in the far north.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	glow	glow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | present | the northern lights |  |  | the night sky |  | in the far north | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sky=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We live in the Northern Hemisphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:x3:1
# text = We live in the Northern Hemisphere.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | We |  |  | the Northern Hemisphere |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hemisphere=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It snows more in northern Canada.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:x4:1
# text = It snows more in northern Canada.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	snows	snow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snow** | present | It | more |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:x5:1
# text = Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom.
1	Northern	Northern	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
2	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	8	flat	_	_
8	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Northern Ireland | part |  |  |  | of the United Kingdom | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The northern side of the house gets less sun in the UK.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:x6:1
# text = The northern side of the house gets less sun in the UK.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | the northern side of the house | less sun |  | the UK |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sun=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds fly south to escape the northern winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:x7:1
# text = Birds fly south to escape the northern winter.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	south	south	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | Birds |  |  |  |  | south *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **escape** | to-infinitive | Birds *not said here* |  |  |  | winter |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Darwin is in northern Australia, where it is hot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:x8:1
# text = Darwin is in northern Australia, where it is hot.
1	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Darwin |  |  | northern Australia |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crown-shaped Northern Light burned fiercely in the sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:northern:x9:1
# text = The crown-shaped Northern Light burned fiercely in the sky.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
5	Northern	Northern	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Light	Light	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	burned	burn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	fiercely	fiercely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **burn** | past | the shaped Northern Light |  |  | the sky |  | fiercely *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sky=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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