---
title: notation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «notation» in the school dictionary: A system of signs or symbols used to write things down, especially in maths, music or science. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# notation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Musical notation, note, Scientific notation, you, 3/4, Chess players · **What happens:** use, write down, write, show, last, mean · **To what, where:** signs, things, maths, maths notation, 3000, notation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«notation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [notation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/notation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A system of signs or symbols used to write things down, especially in maths, music or science.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:notation:m1:1
# text = A system of signs or symbols used to write things down, especially in maths, music or science.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	symbols	symbol	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	write	write	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | signs or symbols *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **write down** | to-infinitive |  | things |  | maths and music or science |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent thing=Theme in math=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A written note or mark: a notation in the margin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:notation:m2:1
# text = A written note or mark: a notation in the margin.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	notation	notation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	margin	margin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Musical notation shows how long each note lasts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:notation:x1:1
# text = Musical notation shows how long each note lasts.
1	Musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	notation	notation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Musical notation |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **last** | present | each note |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In maths notation, «×» means multiply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:notation:x2:1
# text = In maths notation, «×» means multiply.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	notation	notation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	×	×	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	multiply	multiply	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | maths notation and × |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **multiply** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientific notation writes 3000 as 3 × 10³.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:notation:x3:1
# text = Scientific notation writes 3000 as 3 × 10³.
1	Scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	notation	notation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	writes	write	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3000	3000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	×	×	SYM	SYM	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	³	³	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present | Scientific notation | 3000 |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3000=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Learn the notation for fractions: 3/4 means three quarters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:notation:x4:1
# text = Learn the notation for fractions: 3/4 means three quarters.
1	Learn	learn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	notation	notation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fractions	fraction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	3/4	3/4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	quarters	quarter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | imperative | you *not said here* | the notation |  |  |  | for fractions | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent notation=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present | 3/4 | three quarters |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quarter=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chess players use notation to record their moves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:notation:x5:1
# text = Chess players use notation to record their moves.
1	Chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	notation	notation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	record	record	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	moves	move	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Chess players | notation |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent notation=Patient |
| 2 | **record** | to-infinitive | Chess players *not said here* | players's moves |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent move=Theme |
| 3 | **move** |  | players *= player* |  |  |  |  |  | nom move «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher made a notation in the margin of my book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:notation:x6:1
# text = The teacher made a notation in the margin of my book.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	notation	notation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	margin	margin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the teacher | a notation |  | the margin of my book |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent notation=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roman numerals are an old notation for numbers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:notation:x7:1
# text = Roman numerals are an old notation for numbers.
1	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	notation	notation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Roman numerals | a old notation |  |  |  | for numbers | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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