---
title: nova — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «nova» in the school dictionary: A star that suddenly becomes much brighter for a short time and then fades again. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# nova

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** star, nova, astronomers, supernova, aunt, people · **What happens:** become, fade, make, spot, be, live · **To what, where:** star, nova, pretty name, Latin word · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«nova» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [nova in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/nova.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: astronomy — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A star that suddenly becomes much brighter for a short time and then fades again.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nova:m1:1
# text = A star that suddenly becomes much brighter for a short time and then fades again.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	much	much	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	brighter	bright	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
14	fades	fade	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	again	again	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | a star |  |  |  |  | bright, suddenly *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **fade** | present | a star *not said here* |  |  |  | then; again |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nova: a name, and part of names like Nova Scotia (a province of Canada).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nova:m2:1
# text = Nova: a name, and part of names like Nova Scotia (a province of Canada).
1	Nova	nova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Nova	Nova	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Scotia	Scotia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	province	province	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A nova makes a star suddenly much brighter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nova:x1:1
# text = A nova makes a star suddenly much brighter.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nova	nova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	much	much	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	brighter	bright	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a nova | a star |  |  |  | bright, suddenly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset star=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The astronomers spotted a nova in the night sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nova:x2:1
# text = The astronomers spotted a nova in the night sky.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	astronomers	astronomer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spotted	spot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	nova	nova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spot** | past | the astronomers | a nova |  |  |  | in the night sky | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent nova=Destination in sky=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A supernova is far bigger than a nova.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nova:x3:1
# text = A supernova is far bigger than a nova.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	supernova	supernova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	nova	nova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a supernova |  |  |  |  | than a nova; big, far *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt lives in Nova Scotia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nova:x4:1
# text = My aunt lives in Nova Scotia.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Nova	Nova	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	Scotia	Scotia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | My aunt |  |  | Nova |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in nova=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nova is a pretty name for a girl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nova:x5:1
# text = Nova is a pretty name for a girl.
1	Nova	nova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	pretty	pretty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Nova | a pretty name |  |  |  | for a girl | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Nova» comes from the Latin word for «new», because people thought a new star had appeared.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:nova:x6:1
# text = «Nova» comes from the Latin word for «new», because people thought a new star had appeared.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nova	nova	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	appeared	appear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Nova |  |  | the Latin word for new |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from word=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **appear** | past · perfect | a new star |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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