---
title: now — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «now» in the school dictionary: Now means at this time, at the present moment. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# now

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** that, you, rn, sharp order, exam voice, I · **What happens:** mean, start, get, move on, talk, be · **To what, where:** sentence, attention, good idea, sharp order, someone, transactions · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«now» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [now in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/now.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now means at this time, at the present moment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m1:1
# text = Now means at this time, at the present moment.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | now; time |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am busy now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m1e:1
# text = I am busy now.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  | now | busy *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now means at once, immediately.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m2:1
# text = Now means at once, immediately.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | now | immediately *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Come here now!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m2e:1
# text = Come here now!
1	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | here | now |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now can start a sentence to get attention or move on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m3:1
# text = Now can start a sentence to get attention or move on.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | can |  | a sentence |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive |  | attention |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer attention=Stimulus |
| 3 | **move on** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now, let's begin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m3e:1
# text = Now, let's begin.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	begin	begin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | 's |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | infinitive | 's *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Now that» means because at this time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m4:1
# text = «Now that» means because at this time.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | that |  |  |  | time |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now that it's sunny, let's go out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m4e:1
# text = Now that it's sunny, let's go out.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	out	out	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  | now | sunny *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go out** | infinitive | 's *not said here* |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«For now» means for the time being; «by now» means already, by this time.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m5:1
# text = «For now» means for the time being; «by now» means already, by this time.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
16	already	already	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Right now», «rn» (texts), «just now» (South Africa, UK north: soon or a moment ago), «now then» (UK greeting); «now you're talking» means that's a good idea.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m6:1
# text = «Right now», «rn» (texts), «just now» (South Africa, UK north: soon or a moment ago), «now then» (UK greeting); «now you're talking» means that's a good idea.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Right	right	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	46	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	rn	rn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	texts	text	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	just	just	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	north	north	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
24	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	46	nsubj	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl:unmarked	_	_
28	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	33	advmod	_	_
33	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	33	punct	_	_
35	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
40	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	44	advmod	_	_
42	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	44	aux	_	_
44	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	44	punct	_	_
46	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
47	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	51	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	51	cop	_	_
49	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
50	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	46	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** *in a quote* | present · progressive | you |  |  |  | now |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present | rn |  |  |  | now |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | that | a good idea |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Now!» shouted alone is a sharp order; «now look what you've done» blames someone.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m7:1
# text = «Now!» shouted alone is a sharp order; «now look what you've done» blames someone.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
5	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
6	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
14	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	obj	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	blames	blame	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past |  |  |  |  | now | alone *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a sharp order |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** *in a quote* | present · perfect | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 5 | **blame** | present | a sharp order | someone |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |

## Meaning 8 {#m8}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exam voice says «at present», «currently», «at this juncture», «presently», «at the conclusion of the transactions», «subsequent to the changes».

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:m8:1
# text = The exam voice says «at present», «currently», «at this juncture», «presently», «at the conclusion of the transactions», «subsequent to the changes».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	currently	currently	ADV	RB	_	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	juncture	juncture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	presently	presently	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	transactions	transaction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the exam voice |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **conclude** *in a quote* |  |  | the transactions |  |  |  |  | nom conclusion «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many cards does Ben have now?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x1:1
# text = How many cards does Ben have now?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · do-support | Ben | many cards |  |  | now |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now there are 9 birds on the roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x2:1
# text = Now there are 9 birds on the roof.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 9 birds on the roof |  |  | there | now |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many children are in the bus now?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x3:1
# text = How many children are in the bus now?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many children |  |  | the bus | now |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is raining now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x4:1
# text = It is raining now.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	raining	rain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rain** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  | now |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put your toys away now, please.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x5:1
# text = Put your toys away now, please.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	1	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put away** | imperative | you *not said here* | your toys |  |  | now | away *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent toy=Goal |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now, open your books at page 10.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x6:1
# text = Now, open your books at page 10.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | imperative | you *not said here* | your books |  | page | now |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent book=Theme at page=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I see my cousins now and then.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x7:1
# text = I see my cousins now and then.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	cousins	cousin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | I | my cousins |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cousin=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From now on I will brush my teeth twice a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x8:1
# text = From now on I will brush my teeth twice a day.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	obl	_	_
3	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	brush	brush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush** | future | I | my teeth |  |  | day | twice *property* | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme from now=Initial\_Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
at the shops rn, how many eggs we got now?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x9:1
# text = at the shops rn, how many eggs we got now?
1	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	compound	_	_
4	rn	rn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | we |  |  | the shops rn and many eggs | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now look what you've done, 3 eggs on the floor!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x10:1
# text = Now look what you've done, 3 eggs on the floor!
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	obj	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* | 3 eggs |  | the floor | now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present · perfect | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pizza? Now you're talking.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Pizza?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x11:1
# text = Pizza?
1	Pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Now you're talking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x11:2
# text = Now you're talking.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present · progressive | you |  |  |  | now |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Determine the number of cards currently in Ben's possession, subsequent to the aforementioned transactions.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x12:1
# text = Determine the number of cards currently in Ben's possession, subsequent to the aforementioned transactions.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	currently	currently	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	aforementioned	aforementioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	transactions	transaction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the number of cards |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic |
| 2 | **possess** |  | Ben |  |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The candles were now lighted--what brightness!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:now:x13:1
# text = The candles were now lighted--what brightness!
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
5	lighted	light	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	nsubj	_	_
8	brightness	brightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **light** | past · passive |  | the candles |  |  | now |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **brightness** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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- ↑ back to [N in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/)