---
title: numeration — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «numeration» in the school dictionary: The way numbers are written, read and named, for example our place-value system with ten digits. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# numeration

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** system, Roman numeration, Maya, we, Place value, hour · **What happens:** write, read, name, count, number, use · **To what, where:** way numbers, things, ten digits, letters, numeration system, twenty

<!-- .vabout -->
«numeration» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [numeration in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/numeration.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The way numbers are written, read and named, for example our place-value system with ten digits.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:numeration:m1:1
# text = The way numbers are written, read and named, for example our place-value system with ten digits.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
14	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	digits	digit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | way numbers |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **name** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for example | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Counting or numbering things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:numeration:m2:1
# text = Counting or numbering things.
1	Counting	count	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	numbering	number	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **number** | gerund |  | things |  |  |  |  | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our system of numeration uses ten digits, 0 to 9.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:numeration:x1:1
# text = Our system of numeration uses ten digits, 0 to 9.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	numeration	numeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	digits	digit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	appos	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Our system of numeration | ten digits |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent digit=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roman numeration uses letters like I, V, X and L.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:numeration:x2:1
# text = Roman numeration uses letters like I, V, X and L.
1	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	numeration	numeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	V	v	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	X	X	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	L.	L.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Roman numeration | letters and V |  |  |  | like I | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Maya had a numeration system based on twenty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:numeration:x3:1
# text = The Maya had a numeration system based on twenty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Maya	Maya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	numeration	numeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the Maya | a numeration system |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent system=Patient |
| 2 | **base** | participle |  | a numeration system *not said here* |  | twenty |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on twenty=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In numeration we learned to read big numbers like 4,056,000.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:numeration:x4:1
# text = In numeration we learned to read big numbers like 4,056,000.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	numeration	numeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	4,056,000	4,056,000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | we |  |  | numeration |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | big numbers |  |  |  | like 4,056,000 | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Place value is the key idea of numeration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:numeration:x5:1
# text = Place value is the key idea of numeration.
1	Place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	key	key	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	numeration	numeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Place value | the key idea |  |  |  | of numeration | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Babylonian numeration was based on sixty, which is why an hour has sixty minutes.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:numeration:x6:1
# text = Babylonian numeration was based on sixty, which is why an hour has sixty minutes.
1	Babylonian	Babylonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	numeration	numeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sixty	sixty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	parataxis	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
14	sixty	sixty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **base** | past · passive |  | Babylonian numeration |  | sixty |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on sixty=Source |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | a hour |  |  |  | minute |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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