---
title: obligation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «obligation» in the school dictionary: An obligation is something you must do because a rule, a promise or your duty says so. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# obligation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** obligation, you, rule, Parents, She, he · **What happens:** be, do, say, help, set, have · **To what, where:** something, feeling, someone, you, duty, official writing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«obligation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [obligation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/obligation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An obligation is something you must do because a rule, a promise or your duty says so.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:m1:1
# text = An obligation is something you must do because a rule, a promise or your duty says so.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	duty	duty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a obligation | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | must | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a rule |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An obligation is the feeling that you ought to do something, for example to help someone who helped you.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:m2:1
# text = An obligation is the feeling that you ought to do something, for example to help someone who helped you.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	_
17	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	obj	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a obligation | the feeling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | ought | you | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **help** | to-infinitive | a obligation *not said here* |  | someone |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **help** | past |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In official writing, an obligation is a duty set by law or by a contract.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:m3:1
# text = In official writing, an obligation is a duty set by law or by a contract.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	duty	duty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	contract	contract	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a obligation | a duty |  | official writing |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **set** | participle |  | a duty *not said here* |  |  |  | by law or a contract | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by law=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Parents have an obligation to keep their children safe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:x1:1
# text = Parents have an obligation to keep their children safe.
1	Parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Parents | a obligation |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent obligation=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | Parents *not said here* | Parents's children |  |  |  | safe *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You are under no obligation to buy anything.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:x2:1
# text = You are under no obligation to buy anything.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | You |  |  | no obligation |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **buy** | to-infinitive |  | anything |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She felt an obligation to help her neighbour after he fixed her bike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:x3:1
# text = She felt an obligation to help her neighbour after he fixed her bike.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	fixed	fix	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | She | a obligation |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent obligation=Theme |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | her neighbour |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neighbour=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **fix** | past | he | her bike |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent bike=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Try the game free, no obligation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:x4:1
# text = Try the game free, no obligation.
1	Try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* | the game and no obligation |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Going to school is a legal obligation for children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:x5:1
# text = Going to school is a legal obligation for children.
1	Going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	legal	legal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | school |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Going | a legal obligation |  |  |  | for children | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He helped out of a sense of obligation, not because he wanted to.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:x6:1
# text = He helped out of a sense of obligation, not because he wanted to.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help out** | past | He | a sense of obligation |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sense=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **not** **want** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **sense** |  |  | obligation |  |  |  |  | nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) The tenant shall meet all obligations set out in this agreement.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:x7:1
# text = (formal) The tenant shall meet all obligations set out in this agreement.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tenant	tenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	obligations	obligation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | shall | the formal tenant | all obligations |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent obligation=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **set out** | participle |  | all obligations *not said here* |  | this agreement |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keeping a promise is an obligation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:x8:1
# text = Keeping a promise is an obligation.
1	Keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | gerund |  | a promise |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Keeping | a obligation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Better poverty without a care than wealth with its many obligations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obligation:x9:1
# text = Better poverty without a care than wealth with its many obligations.
1	Better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	obligations	obligation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obligate** |  | wealth |  |  |  |  |  | nom obligation «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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