---
title: obsidian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «obsidian» in the school dictionary: Obsidian is a hard, shiny black (or dark) natural glass that forms when lava from a volcano cools very quickly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# obsidian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Obsidian, hard shiny black natural glass, lava, Ancient people, museum, you · **What happens:** be, form, cool, use, make, have · **To what, where:** hard shiny black natural glass, Obsidian, sharp knives, black volcanic glass, sharp arrowheads, Aztec mirror

<!-- .vabout -->
«obsidian» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [obsidian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/obsidian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Obsidian is a hard, shiny black (or dark) natural glass that forms when lava from a volcano cools very quickly.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obsidian:m1:1
# text = Obsidian is a hard, shiny black (or dark) natural glass that forms when lava from a volcano cools very quickly.
1	Obsidian	Obsidian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
7	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
12	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	21	mark	_	_
17	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
22	very	very	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Obsidian | a hard shiny black natural glass |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **form** | present | a hard shiny black natural glass |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cool** | present | lava from a volcano |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Obsidian was used long ago to make very sharp knives, arrowheads and mirrors.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obsidian:m2:1
# text = Obsidian was used long ago to make very sharp knives, arrowheads and mirrors.
1	Obsidian	Obsidian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	knives	knife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	arrowheads	arrowhead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	mirrors	mirror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past · passive |  | Obsidian |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | sharp knives and arrowheads and mirrors |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset knife=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Obsidian is black volcanic glass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obsidian:x1:1
# text = Obsidian is black volcanic glass.
1	Obsidian	Obsidian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Obsidian | black volcanic glass |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Obsidian forms when lava cools very quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obsidian:x2:1
# text = Obsidian forms when lava cools very quickly.
1	Obsidian	obsidian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
4	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** | present | lava |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient people made sharp arrowheads from obsidian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obsidian:x3:1
# text = Ancient people made sharp arrowheads from obsidian.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	arrowheads	arrowhead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	obsidian	obsidian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Ancient people | sharp arrowheads |  | obsidian |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent arrowhead=Product from obsidian=Material |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum had an Aztec mirror made of obsidian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obsidian:x4:1
# text = The museum had an Aztec mirror made of obsidian.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Aztec	Aztec	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	obsidian	obsidian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the museum | a Aztec mirror |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mirror=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a Aztec mirror *not said here* |  |  |  | of obsidian | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Minecraft you need obsidian to build a portal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obsidian:x5:1
# text = In Minecraft you need obsidian to build a portal.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Minecraft	Minecraft	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	obsidian	obsidian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	portal	portal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | you | obsidian |  | Minecraft |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **build** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | obsidian *not said here* | a portal |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset portal=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Obsidian is an igneous rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:obsidian:x6:1
# text = Obsidian is an igneous rock.
1	Obsidian	Obsidian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Obsidian | a igneous rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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