---
title: octopus — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «octopus» in the school dictionary: A sea animal with a soft, round body and eight long arms covered in suckers. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# octopus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** octopus, Octopuses, We, Octo, octagon · **What happens:** cover, have, squirt, swim away, change, hide · **To what, where:** eight long arms, eight arms, ink, colour, octopus, aquarium

<!-- .vabout -->
«octopus» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [octopus in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/octopus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sea animal with a soft, round body and eight long arms covered in suckers.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:octopus:m1:1
# text = A sea animal with a soft, round body and eight long arms covered in suckers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
12	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
14	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	suckers	sucker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle |  | eight long arms *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An octopus has eight arms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:octopus:x1:1
# text = An octopus has eight arms.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a octopus | eight arms |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The octopus squirted ink and swam away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:octopus:x2:1
# text = The octopus squirted ink and swam away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	squirted	squirt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ink	ink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squirt** | past | the octopus | ink |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ink=Theme |
| 2 | **swim away** | past | the octopus *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Octopuses can change colour to hide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:octopus:x3:1
# text = Octopuses can change colour to hide.
1	Octopuses	octopus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | can | Octopuses | colour |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |
| 2 | **hide** | to-infinitive | Octopuses *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw an octopus at the aquarium.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:octopus:x4:1
# text = We saw an octopus at the aquarium.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	octopus	octopus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	aquarium	aquarium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a octopus |  | the aquarium |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer octopus=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An octopus has three hearts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:octopus:x5:1
# text = An octopus has three hearts.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a octopus | three hearts |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The octopus squeezed through a tiny hole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:octopus:x6:1
# text = The octopus squeezed through a tiny hole.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze** | participle |  | the octopus *not said here* |  | a tiny hole |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through hole=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Octo means eight, so an octopus has eight arms and an octagon has eight sides.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:octopus:x7:1
# text = Octo means eight, so an octopus has eight arms and an octagon has eight sides.
1	Octo	Octo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	octopus	octopus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	octagon	octagon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Octo | eight |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eight=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | present | a octopus | eight arms |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | present | a octagon | eight sides |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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