---
title: offended — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «offended» in the school dictionary: Feeling hurt, upset or insulted by what someone said or did. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# offended

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, Past form, Mia, nobody, He, I · **What happens:** hurt, insult, say, do, make, form · **To what, where:** someone, offend, law, Mia, drawing, blue one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«offended» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [offended in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/offended.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feeling hurt, upset or insulted by what someone said or did.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offended:m1:1
# text = Feeling hurt, upset or insulted by what someone said or did.
1	Feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	aux:pass	_	_
2	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	insulted	insult	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 2 | **insult** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **do** | past | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past form of offend: made someone upset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offended:m2:1
# text = Past form of offend: made someone upset.
1	Past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	offend	offend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle | Past form of offend *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | offend |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Broke a law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offended:m3:1
# text = Broke a law.
1	Broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past |  | a law |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia was offended when nobody invited her.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offended:x1:1
# text = Mia was offended when nobody invited her.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	offended	offended	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	nsubj	_	_
6	invited	invite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Mia |  |  |  |  | offended *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **invite** | past | nobody |  | Mia |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He looked offended when I laughed at his drawing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offended:x2:1
# text = He looked offended when I laughed at his drawing.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	offended	offended	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look offended** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **laugh** | past | I |  |  | his drawing |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **draw** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom drawing «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I hope you aren't offended, but I prefer the blue one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offended:x3:1
# text = I hope you aren't offended, but I prefer the blue one.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hope	hope	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	offended	offended	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	prefer	prefer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hope** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | offended *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **prefer** | present | I | the blue one |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The joke offended my grandad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offended:x4:1
# text = The joke offended my grandad.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	offended	offend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offend** | past | the joke | my grandad |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus grandad=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is easily offended, so be kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offended:x5:1
# text = She is easily offended, so be kind.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	offended	offended	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | easily, offended *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The man had offended before and went to prison.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offended:x6:1
# text = The man had offended before and went to prison.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	offended	offend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	before	before	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	prison	prison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offend** | past · perfect · passive |  | the man |  |  |  | before *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **go** | past |  |  |  | prison |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to prison=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘There! there!’ said the Fairy, ‘I am not offended.

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offended:x7:1
# text = ‘There! there!’ said the Fairy, ‘I am not offended.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	offended	offended	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  | the Fairy |  | there |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent fairy=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | offended *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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