---
title: offending — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «offending» in the school dictionary: Offending means upsetting someone or making them feel hurt or insulted. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/O/offending/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [O](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/O/) / offending

# offending

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Offending, them, offending thing, one, I, dentist · **What happens:** mean, upset, make, feel, hurt, insult · **To what, where:** someone, them, one, problem, rule, law

<!-- .vabout -->
«offending» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [offending in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/offending.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Offending means upsetting someone or making them feel hurt or insulted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offending:m1:1
# text = Offending means upsetting someone or making them feel hurt or insulted.
1	Offending	offending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upsetting	upset	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	xcomp	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	insulted	insult	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Offending |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **upset** *not said to happen* | gerund | Offending *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | Offending *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **feel** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **hurt** | participle | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **insult** | participle | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The offending thing is the one that causes a problem or breaks a rule.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offending:m2:1
# text = The offending thing is the one that causes a problem or breaks a rule.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	offending	offending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the offending thing | the one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | present | the one | a problem |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition problem=Patient |
| 3 | **break** | present | the one *not said here* | a rule |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Offending can mean breaking the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offending:m3:1
# text = Offending can mean breaking the law.
1	Offending	offend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offend** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **break** *not said to happen* | gerund |  | the law |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm sorry, I didn't mean to offend you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offending:x1:1
# text = I'm sorry, I didn't mean to offend you.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	offend	offend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **mean** | past · do-support | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **offend** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | you |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dentist removed the offending tooth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offending:x2:1
# text = The dentist removed the offending tooth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dentist	dentist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	removed	remove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	offending	offending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | past | the dentist | the offending tooth |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum threw away the offending sock that smelled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offending:x3:1
# text = Mum threw away the offending sock that smelled.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	offending	offend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	sock	sock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw away** | past | Mum | the offending sock |  |  |  | away *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sock=Theme |
| 2 | **offend** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **smell** | past | the offending sock |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Try to avoid offending people with jokes about them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offending:x4:1
# text = Try to avoid offending people with jokes about them.
1	Try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	offending	offend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	jokes	joke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **avoid** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **offend** | gerund | you *not said here* | people |  |  |  | with jokes about jokes | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus people=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The referee sent off the offending player.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offending:x5:1
# text = The referee sent off the offending player.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	offending	offend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send off** | participle | the referee *not said here* | the offending player |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent player=Theme |
| 2 | **offend** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The offending email was deleted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offending:x6:1
# text = The offending email was deleted.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	offending	offend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	deleted	delete	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offend** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **delete** | past · passive |  | the offending email |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [offender](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/O/offender/)
- next →: [offense](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/O/offense/)
- ↑ back to [O in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/O/)