---
title: offensiveness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «offensiveness» in the school dictionary: Offensiveness is the quality of being rude or hurtful, so that it upsets or insults people. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/O/offensiveness/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [O](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/O/) / offensiveness

# offensiveness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Offensiveness, People, She, us, We · **What happens:** be, upset, insult, shock, joke, complain · **To what, where:** quality, people, class, Swear words, offensiveness, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«offensiveness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [offensiveness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/offensiveness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Offensiveness is the quality of being rude or hurtful, so that it upsets or insults people.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offensiveness:m1:1
# text = Offensiveness is the quality of being rude or hurtful, so that it upsets or insults people.
1	Offensiveness	offensiveness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	quality	quality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	upsets	upset	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	insults	insult	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Offensiveness | the quality |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | rude *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **upset** | present | Offensiveness |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **insult** | present | Offensiveness *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus people=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being very unpleasant to the senses: the offensiveness of a smell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offensiveness:m2:1
# text = Being very unpleasant to the senses: the offensiveness of a smell.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	cop	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	senses	sens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	offensiveness	offensiveness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to the senses; unpleasant *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The offensiveness of his joke shocked the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offensiveness:x1:1
# text = The offensiveness of his joke shocked the class.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	offensiveness	offensiveness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	shocked	shock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shock** | past | the offensiveness of offensiveness's joke | the class |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus class=Experiencer |
| 2 | **joke** |  | offensiveness |  |  |  |  |  | nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People complained about the offensiveness of the advert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offensiveness:x2:1
# text = People complained about the offensiveness of the advert.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	complained	complain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	offensiveness	offensiveness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	advert	advert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | past | People |  |  |  |  | about the offensiveness of the advert | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about offensiveness=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swear words are graded by their offensiveness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offensiveness:x3:1
# text = Swear words are graded by their offensiveness.
1	Swear	swear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	graded	grade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	offensiveness	offensiveness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grade** | present · passive | words's offensiveness | Swear words |  |  |  |  | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She did not see the offensiveness of what she said.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offensiveness:x4:1
# text = She did not see the offensiveness of what she said.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	offensiveness	offensiveness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nmod	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | past · do-support | She | the offensiveness |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer offensiveness=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The offensiveness of the smell made us hold our noses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offensiveness:x5:1
# text = The offensiveness of the smell made us hold our noses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	offensiveness	offensiveness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	noses	nose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the offensiveness of the smell | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | infinitive | us *not said here* | our noses |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We discussed the offensiveness of name-calling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offensiveness:x6:1
# text = We discussed the offensiveness of name-calling.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	discussed	discuss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	offensiveness	offensiveness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	calling	calling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discuss** *speech: other* | past | We | the offensiveness of name calling |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offensiveness=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [offensive](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/O/offensive/)
- next →: [offer](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/O/offer/)
- ↑ back to [O in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/O/)