---
title: offer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «offer» in the school dictionary: To offer is to say you will give something to someone, or to hold it out for them to take. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# offer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, them, offer, someone, thing, She · **What happens:** offer, be, give, hold out, take, do · **To what, where:** something, someone, it, deal, thing, money · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«offer» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [offer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/offer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To offer is to say you will give something to someone, or to hold it out for them to take.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:m1:1
# text = To offer is to say you will give something to someone, or to hold it out for them to take.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **be** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  | say *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | future | you | something | someone |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Theme to someone=Recipient |
| 4 | **hold out** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 5 | **take** | to-infinitive | them *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To offer to do something is to say you are willing to do it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:m2:1
# text = To offer to do something is to say you are willing to do it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	willing	willing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **be** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  | say *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | willing *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An offer is a deal, like a lower price: a special offer.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:m3:1
# text = An offer is a deal, like a lower price: a special offer.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a offer | a deal and a special offer |  |  |  | like a lower price | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An offer is also the thing or money someone says they will give.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:m4:1
# text = An offer is also the thing or money someone says they will give.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
10	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a offer | the thing or money |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | someone | money *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent money=Topic |
| 3 | **give** | future | thing |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She offered 3 cookies to each friend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:x1:1
# text = She offered 3 cookies to each friend.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | She | 3 cookies | each friend |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent cookie=Theme to friend=Goal |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop has an offer: 2 for 5 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:x2:1
# text = The shop has an offer: 2 for 5 dollars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	appos	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the shop | a offer |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offer=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He offered to pay half.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:x3:1
# text = He offered to pay half.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | half |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On offer, pens are 1 dollar each.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:x4:1
# text = On offer, pens are 1 dollar each.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	pens	pen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	dollar	dollar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | pens | 1 dollar |  | offer |  | each *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He offered his seat to an older lady.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:x5:1
# text = He offered his seat to an older lady.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | He | his seat | a older lady |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent seat=Theme to lady=Goal |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thank you for the offer, but I am full.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:x6:1
# text = Thank you for the offer, but I am full.
1	Thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you |  |  | for the offer | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent you=Theme for offer=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never accept an offer of a ride from a stranger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:x7:1
# text = Never accept an offer of a ride from a stranger.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	accept	accept	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **accept** | imperative | you *not said here* | a offer of a ride |  | a stranger |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent offer=Theme from stranger=Source |
| 2 | **offer** |  |  | a ride |  |  |  |  | nom offer «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The special offer ends on Sunday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:x8:1
# text = The special offer ends on Sunday.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | present | the special offer |  |  |  | sunday |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The library offers free reading clubs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:x9:1
# text = The library offers free reading clubs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	offers	offer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	clubs	club	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | present | the library | free reading clubs |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent club=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One of them offered him an Alpine rose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offer:x10:1
# text = One of them offered him an Alpine rose.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Alpine	alpine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rose	rose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | One of them | a Alpine rose | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent he=Goal rose=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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