---
title: offside — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «offside» in the school dictionary: In a position on the field that the rules don't allow, usually too far forward, ahead of the ball or the other team's last defender. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# offside

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rules, goal, linesman, you, She, team · **What happens:** not allow, not count, be, raise, explain, run · **To what, where:** position, flag, offside rule, rugby, front, ball

<!-- .vabout -->
«offside» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [offside in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/offside.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: in sports like football/soccer, rugby and hockey — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a position on the field that the rules don't allow, usually too far forward, ahead of the ball or the other team's last defender.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offside:m1:1
# text = In a position on the field that the rules don't allow, usually too far forward, ahead of the ball or the other team's last defender.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	allow	allow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	too	too	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	17	advmod	_	_
17	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	ahead	ahead	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	's	's	PART	POS	_	26	case	_	_
28	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	defender	defender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **allow** | present · do-support | the rules |  |  | a position on the field |  | forward *property* | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, of a car — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the side nearest the middle of the road (the driver's side in the UK).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offside:m2:1
# text = On the side nearest the middle of the road (the driver's side in the UK).
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The goal didn't count because he was offside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offside:x1:1
# text = The goal didn't count because he was offside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	offside	offside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **count** | past · do-support | the goal |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past | goal |  |  |  |  | offside *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The linesman raised his flag for offside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offside:x2:1
# text = The linesman raised his flag for offside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	linesman	linesman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	offside	offside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | the linesman | linesman's flag |  |  |  | for offside | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flag=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you explain the offside rule?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offside:x3:1
# text = Can you explain the offside rule?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	explain	explain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	offside	offside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | can | you | the offside rule |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She ran too early and was caught offside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offside:x4:1
# text = She ran too early and was caught offside.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
8	offside	offside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | She |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **catch** | past · passive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | offside *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP» |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In rugby you're offside if you're in front of the ball when it's played.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offside:x5:1
# text = In rugby you're offside if you're in front of the ball when it's played.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	offside	offside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	17	mark	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | you |  |  | rugby |  | offside *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  | front |  | of the ball | tree rules |
| 3 | **play** | present · passive |  | ball |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team used an offside trap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offside:x6:1
# text = Our team used an offside trap.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	offside	offside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	trap	trap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Our team | a offside trap |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trap=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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