---
title: offspring — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «offspring» in the school dictionary: Offspring are the young of an animal or plant: its babies or seeds. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# offspring

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Offspring, cat, Frogs, Plants, seeds, lion · **What happens:** be, have, lay, survive, look, make · **To what, where:** young, children, four offspring, one litter, many eggs, Offspring · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«offspring» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [offspring in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/offspring.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Offspring are the young of an animal or plant: its babies or seeds.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offspring:m1:1
# text = Offspring are the young of an animal or plant: its babies or seeds.
1	Offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	young	young	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Offspring | the young and Offspring's babies or seeds |  |  |  | of a animal or plant | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal or jokey — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person's offspring are their children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offspring:m2:1
# text = A person's offspring are their children.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a person's offspring | their children |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cat may have four offspring in one litter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offspring:x1:1
# text = A cat may have four offspring in one litter.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | may | a cat | four offspring |  | one litter |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frogs lay many eggs, and only some offspring survive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offspring:x2:1
# text = Frogs lay many eggs, and only some offspring survive.
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	survive	survive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | Frogs | many eggs |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |
| 2 | **survive** | present | some offspring |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Offspring often look like their parents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offspring:x3:1
# text = Offspring often look like their parents.
1	Offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present |  | Offspring |  |  |  | like their parents; often *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants make seeds that grow into offspring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offspring:x4:1
# text = Plants make seeds that grow into offspring.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Plants | seeds |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset seed=Product |
| 2 | **grow** | present | seeds |  |  |  |  | into offspring *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into offspring=Result |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lion protects her offspring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offspring:x5:1
# text = The lion protects her offspring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | the lion | lion's offspring |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(jokey) Dad said, «Feed your offspring, they're hungry!»

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offspring:x6:1
# text = (jokey) Dad said, «Feed your offspring, they're hungry!»
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	jokey	jokey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: express* | past | jokey Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **feed** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | your offspring |  |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | they |  |  |  |  | hungry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rabbits produce a lot of offspring each year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offspring:x7:1
# text = Rabbits produce a lot of offspring each year.
1	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	produce	produce	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | present | Rabbits | a lot of offspring |  |  | year |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many offspring did the pair of birds raise?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offspring:x8:1
# text = How many offspring did the pair of birds raise?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	raise	raise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | many offspring | the pair |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pair=Eventuality |
| 2 | **raise** | present | birds | the pair *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pair=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We frequently find mention of Tritons who are either the offspring or kindred of Triton.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:offspring:x9:1
# text = We frequently find mention of Tritons who are either the offspring or kindred of Triton.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	mention	mention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Tritons	Triton	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc:preconj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	kindred	kindred	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Triton	Triton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | We | mention of Tritons |  |  |  | frequently *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mention=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Tritons | the offspring or kindred of Triton |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mention** |  |  | Tritons |  |  |  |  | nom mention «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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