---
title: olm — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «olm» in the school dictionary: An olm is a pale, blind salamander (an amphibian) that lives in dark underground cave waters in southern Europe, especially Slovenia and Croatia. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# olm

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** olm, pale blind salamander, Olms, pink colour, People, We · **What happens:** be, live, have, survive, eat, earn · **To what, where:** pale blind salamander, dark underground cave waters, dark caves, eyes, olm, baby dragons · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«olm» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [olm in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/olm.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An olm is a pale, blind salamander (an amphibian) that lives in dark underground cave waters in southern Europe, especially Slovenia and Croatia.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:olm:m1:1
# text = An olm is a pale, blind salamander (an amphibian) that lives in dark underground cave waters in southern Europe, especially Slovenia and Croatia.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	olm	olm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	salamander	salamander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	amphibian	amphibian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
17	underground	underground	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	Slovenia	Slovenia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	Croatia	Croatia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a olm | a pale blind salamander |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | a pale blind salamander |  |  | dark underground cave waters in southern Europe and Slovenia and Croatia |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Olms are pinkish-white, with tiny legs and red feathery gills, and can live for many decades without much food.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:olm:m2:1
# text = Olms are pinkish-white, with tiny legs and red feathery gills, and can live for many decades without much food.
1	Olms	olm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	pinkish	pinkish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	feathery	feathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	live	live	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	decades	decade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	without	without	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Olms |  |  |  |  | white *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | can |  |  |  |  | decade | without much food | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The olm lives in dark caves and has no eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:olm:x1:1
# text = The olm lives in dark caves and has no eyes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	olm	olm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the olm |  |  | dark caves |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location |
| 2 | **have** | present | the olm *not said here* | no eyes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Olms can survive for years without eating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:olm:x2:1
# text = Olms can survive for years without eating.
1	Olms	olm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	survive	survive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | can | Olms |  |  |  | year |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | gerund | Olms *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its pink colour earned the olm the nickname «human fish».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:olm:x3:1
# text = Its pink colour earned the olm the nickname «human fish».
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	earned	earn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	olm	olm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	nickname	nickname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **earn** | past | Its pink colour | the olm |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent olm=Beneficiary nickname=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People once believed olms were baby dragons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:olm:x4:1
# text = People once believed olms were baby dragons.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	_
3	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	olms	olm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	dragons	dragon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | People |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | past | olms | baby dragons |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched a video of an olm swimming in a cave pool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:olm:x5:1
# text = We watched a video of an olm swimming in a cave pool.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	olm	olm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | a video of a olm swimming |  | a cave pool |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent video=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The olm breathes using feathery red gills.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:olm:x6:1
# text = The olm breathes using feathery red gills.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	olm	olm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	breathes	breathe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	feathery	feathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | the olm |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | the olm *not said here* | feathery red gills |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gill=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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