---
title: opium — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «opium» in the school dictionary: A strong, illegal drug made from the juice of a kind of poppy, which makes people sleepy and is very addictive and dangerous. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# opium

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** poppy, strong illegal drug, doctors, Opium, Britain, you · **What happens:** make, be, use, stop, come, fight · **To what, where:** strong illegal drug, juice, people, Medicines, it, bad pain

<!-- .vabout -->
«opium» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [opium in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/opium.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A strong, illegal drug made from the juice of a kind of poppy, which makes people sleepy and is very addictive and dangerous.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opium:m1:1
# text = A strong, illegal drug made from the juice of a kind of poppy, which makes people sleepy and is very addictive and dangerous.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	illegal	illegal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	poppy	poppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	very	very	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	addictive	addictive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a strong illegal drug *not said here* |  | the juice of a kind of poppy |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from juice=Material |
| 2 | **make** | present | poppy | people |  |  |  | sleepy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset people=Product |
| 3 | **is** | present | a strong illegal drug |  |  |  |  | addictive *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | a strong illegal drug *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Medicines made from it, like morphine, are used by doctors to stop very bad pain.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opium:m2:1
# text = Medicines made from it, like morphine, are used by doctors to stop very bad pain.
1	Medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	morphine	morphine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
15	very	very	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | Medicines *not said here* |  | it |  | like morphine | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from it=Material |
| 2 | **use** | present · passive | doctors | Medicines |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 3 | **stop** | to-infinitive | doctors *not said here* | bad pain |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality pain=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Opium comes from the seed pods of a kind of poppy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opium:x1:1
# text = Opium comes from the seed pods of a kind of poppy.
1	Opium	opium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pods	pod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	poppy	poppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Opium |  |  | the seed pods of a kind of poppy |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from pod=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Opium is a dangerous and addictive drug.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opium:x2:1
# text = Opium is a dangerous and addictive drug.
1	Opium	opium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	addictive	addictive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Opium | a dangerous drug |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Britain and China fought the Opium Wars over the opium trade.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opium:x3:1
# text = Britain and China fought the Opium Wars over the opium trade.
1	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Opium	Opium	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Wars	War	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	opium	opium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | Britain and China | the Opium Wars |  |  |  | over the opium trade | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent war=Co-Agent over trade=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doctors use medicines made from opium to stop terrible pain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opium:x4:1
# text = Doctors use medicines made from opium to stop terrible pain.
1	Doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	opium	opium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Doctors | medicines |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | medicines *not said here* |  | opium |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from opium=Material |
| 3 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  | terrible pain |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality pain=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never take medicine that wasn't given to you by a trusted adult or doctor.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opium:x5:1
# text = Never take medicine that wasn't given to you by a trusted adult or doctor.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | medicine |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **give** | past · passive | a trusted adult or doctor | medicine | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent that=Theme to you=Recipient |
| 3 | **trust** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Addiction to opium ruined many lives in history.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opium:x6:1
# text = Addiction to opium ruined many lives in history.
1	Addiction	addiction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	opium	opium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	ruined	ruin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ruin** | past | Addiction to opium | many lives |  | history |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wild joviality seemed to rush through the Dryad, as though she were intoxicated with opium.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:opium:x7:1
# text = A wild joviality seemed to rush through the Dryad, as though she were intoxicated with opium.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	joviality	joviality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	rush	rush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Dryad	Dryad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	intoxicated	intoxicate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	opium	opium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | past | a wild joviality |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **rush** | to-infinitive | a wild joviality *not said here* |  |  |  |  | through the Dryad | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through dryad=Trajectory |
| 3 | **intoxicate** | past · passive |  | joviality |  |  |  | with opium | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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